如何構(gòu)建托福寫作的骨架？

　　1. 句型分析

　　英語(yǔ)的句型包括以下幾種，簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句、并列句、并列復(fù)合句等。在新托福寫作中，一般使用復(fù)合句，輔以并列句和并列復(fù)合句，當(dāng)然肯定要有簡(jiǎn)單句，做到長(zhǎng)短句相結(jié)合。下面摘抄幾個(gè)句子給大家認(rèn)識(shí)并分析一下復(fù)合句和并列復(fù)合句。

　　a. Even though I usually know what I have to say, I cannot always express myself correctly in English.

　　這句話是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，由even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　b. This challenges me to practice my spoken English, with the result that I can complete the speaking tasks more fluently and quickly.

　　這句話中是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。with介詞結(jié)構(gòu)中，有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)result進(jìn)行解釋說明。

　　c. I think this is less than ideal because any differences in opinion become personal conflicts, and therefore that might jeopardize the employee’s job.

　　托福寫作輔導(dǎo)指出上句話是一個(gè)并列復(fù)雜句。and 連接了兩個(gè)句子，是一個(gè)并列句;because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　d. Shallow writing is indicative of weak critical-thinking skills, and such writing, which is often described as “sophomoric”, receives low mark.

　　這句話同樣是并列復(fù)雜句。由and連接兩個(gè)句子，成為并列句，再一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

　　2. 有問題的托福寫作句子的列舉

　　托福寫作中的句子容易出現(xiàn)三個(gè)問題：一是使用破碎句，二是使用接連句，三是句子連接不正確。

　　1). 破碎句

　　所謂破碎句，就是句子不完整，通常是沒有謂語(yǔ)(或者說謂語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，如分詞)，或者是從句單獨(dú)成句。

　　破碎句：She singing alone. (無謂語(yǔ)，singing是現(xiàn)在分詞)

　　正確句：She is singing alone.

　　破碎句：He did not come. Because he was sick. (從句單獨(dú)成句)

　　正確句：He did not come because he was sick.

　　2).接連句

　　所謂接連據(jù)，就是兩個(gè)句子直接連在一起，既未使用連詞，也未使用正確的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。

　　接連句: Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers they have greater freedom in planning their time.

　　正確句一: Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers. However, they have greater freedom in planning their time.

　　正確句二: Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers; however, they have greater freedom in planning their time.

　　3).句子連接不正確

　　所謂托福 寫作句子連接不正確，就是兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子之間以逗號(hào)連接，這是不合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的。正確的做法是以連詞、分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、句號(hào)等連接兩個(gè)句子。

　　不正確句: Breaking chalk into two pieces is a physical change, there is no change in the composition of the chalk.

　　正確句： Breaking chalk into two pieces is a physical change, so there is no change in the composition of the chalk.

　　II 高分表達(dá)

　　除了在句式上長(zhǎng)短句相結(jié)合準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)外，小馬過河建議新托?？忌褂靡恍┨厥獾木涫?，以使句型多樣化。句型多樣化也是作文得到高分的條件之一。除了我們之前經(jīng)常提到的高分句式，如倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、狀語(yǔ)前置、插入語(yǔ)等，筆者還提出另外一個(gè)句式的多樣變化，即主語(yǔ)多樣化。下面筆者將列舉幾個(gè)句子概括介紹前面四種句型，而重點(diǎn)分析主語(yǔ)多樣化。

　　正常句： Luck only works in extreme cases.

　　倒裝句： Only in extreme cases does luck work.(否定詞位于句首的倒裝。)

　　正常句： The internet provides people access to the latest information.

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句： It is the internet that provides people access to the latest information. (強(qiáng)調(diào)the internet)

　　正常句： The environment has been deteriorating severely along with the development of industry.

　　狀語(yǔ)前置句： Along with the accelerating development of industry, the environment has been deteriorating severely.

　　正常句： However, new zoos try to duplicate animals’ natural habitats as much as possible and give animals a comfortable amount of space.

　　插入語(yǔ)： New zoos, however, try to duplicate animals’ natural habitats as much as possible and give animals a comfortable amount of space. (連詞however做插入語(yǔ))

　　主語(yǔ)多樣

　　1. 她突然想到了一個(gè)主意。

　　She suddenly had an idea.

　　通常情況下，考生會(huì)馬上對(duì)這句話進(jìn)行翻譯，基本不會(huì)動(dòng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)。但是以人作為主語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)句子總是不能夠很吸引人，所以這個(gè)句子如果稍微做下修改，以后面的賓語(yǔ)“主意”做主語(yǔ)，這個(gè)句子會(huì)發(fā)生一些變化。

　　2. 他開車心不在焉，幾乎闖禍。

　　He was absent-minded when driving, and almost caused an accident.

　　這句話依然是拿人做主語(yǔ)，稍微改一下，把心不在焉這個(gè)形容詞的名詞形式做主語(yǔ)，會(huì)大不相同。

　　His absence of mind during driving nearly caused an accident.

　　3. 美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)創(chuàng)立于1789年。

　　The United States of America was founded in 1789.

　　這句話沒有任何錯(cuò)誤，但是不夠多樣，可以用時(shí)間作主語(yǔ)。

　　The year 1789 witnessed the founding of the United States of America.

　　III 實(shí)用句型

　　在托福 寫作文章的最后，為大家列舉幾個(gè)新托?？荚囍锌梢允褂玫奶子镁湫?，為一些寫句子摸不著頭緒的考生提供幫助。

　　1. It pays to make great efforts to prepare for TOEFL-ibt.

　　努力準(zhǔn)備新托?？荚囀侵档玫?。

　　2. Nothing is more important than to receive education.

　　沒有比接受教育更重要的了。

　　3. The reason why the white-collars suffer increasing work-related stress is that they pursue work achievement in career.

　　白領(lǐng)壓力日益增加的原因是他們?cè)谑聵I(yè)上有所追求。

　　4. It is time the related department took proper measures.

　　(虛擬句式)相關(guān)部門早該采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧┝?