1. [詞根辨識]試指出下列單詞中,哪些是本族同根詞,哪些是加pro-的派生詞。
problem(問題) proverb(諺語)
provide(提供) provoke(挑釁)
probity(德行) province(省;行政區(qū))
2. [望文生義] proof是prove的對應名詞形式。請寫出下列單詞詞義。
① prove v.證明→proof n.
② disprove v.反證;反駁→disproof n.
③ reprove v.責備,非難→reproof n.
3. [由此及彼]根據(jù)已知單詞的詞義推斷出其同根詞的詞義。
① approve v.贊成,批準→disapprove v.
② approval n.贊成,批準→dissapproval n.
4. [同義相連]將左欄中的單詞和右欄中相對應的詞義連接起來。
① approver a.證明人;證明物
② prover b.責備者;非難者
③ probationer c.批準者;贊成者
④ reprobater d.試用人員,見習生
⑤ reprover e.譴責者;拒絕者
5. [尋根問底]指出下列單詞的詞根并領會其詞義的由來。
① probity n.德行,正直
② probationership n.見習生身份
③ probabilism n. [哲]蓋然論 [宗]或然論
probabilistic a. [哲]蓋然論的 [宗]或然論的
④ reprieve v.緩刑(提示:priev是prov變體)
6. [節(jié)外生枝] -proof可作為后綴,表示“防……的”。試看:
① fireproof a.防火的
② shockproof a.防震的
③ water-proof a.防水的
77. reg, rect [L]=to rule, to guide, to govern劃直線,引導,治理
在常用詞region,regular,correct和direct中,有一對同源異形根reg和rect。它們分別來自拉丁動詞regere的不定式詞干和動名詞詞干,其基本意思為to rule。在具體的派生詞中,詞根的意思可能是to rule or lead straight(劃直線);to rule or guide(引導,指正);to rule or govern(治理,統(tǒng)治)。在這三種意思中,詞根都內(nèi)涵著“be right or straight”即“正”,“直”的概念。
region [reg=to rule or govern治理;-ion n.=the state表行為狀態(tài)→“the state of ruling治理的狀態(tài)”→“area under ruling治理下的地區(qū)”→] n.① administrative area or division行政區(qū):an autonomous region自治區(qū)② any area or division地帶;地區(qū):forest region林區(qū)
▽regional [region;-al a.] a.地區(qū)的;局部的
regular [reg=to rule or lead straight劃直線;-ular (-ar) a. =like像……的→“like leading straight像劃直線似的”→] a.① according to a rule, or proper正規(guī)的,正式的:regular warfare正規(guī)戰(zhàn)爭② happening or done according to a rule or habit, or not changing有規(guī)律的;固定的:regular work固定工作③ arranged or shaped by a rule整齊的,勻稱的:a man of regular features五官端正的人
▽regularity [regular;-ity n.] n.正規(guī);規(guī)律性;整齊;勻稱
regularize [regular;-ize v.] v.使有規(guī)律;使規(guī)則化;使整齊
correct [cor-(com-)=completely完全地;rect=to rule or lead straight劃直線→“to draw a completely straight line 劃筆直的線”→]Ⅰv. make straight or right 改正;糾正:correct mistakes 糾正錯誤→Ⅱa. straight or right正確的:correct policy正確的方針
▽correction [correct v.;-ion n.] n.改正;校正
corrective [correct v.;-ive a.] a.改正的;矯正的
direct [di-(dis-)=apart離開;rect=to rule or lead straight劃直線→“to draw a straight line apart form a point從某點畫出一條直線”→]Ⅰa. straightforward;by the shortest way直接的;徑直的:a direct train直達列車→Ⅱv. ① keep straight; point or aim 保持直線;對準:He directed his gun to the aim.他把槍對準目標。② point out the proper course to, or guide指引;指導:Would you direct me to the park?請問到公園怎么走?
▽direction [direct v.;-ion n.] n.方向;指導
directive [direct v.;-ive a./n.] a.指引的 n.指示
下面再介紹幾個rect的派生詞。為了簡要起見,把詞根rect的含義歸納為(be)staight or right,即“正”或“直”。
erect [e-(ex-)=upward向上的;rect=be straight or right正,直→]Ⅰa. being right upward;upright正對上方的;垂直的:The soldiers held themselves erect.士兵們挺直站著。→Ⅱv.① set upright;raise使豎直;使樹立:to erect a flagstaff豎旗桿②establish;build建立;樹立:to erect a monument立紀念碑
▽erection [erect v.;-ion n.] n.豎立;建立
erective [erect v.;-ive a.] a.直立的;豎起的;建立的
erectile [erect v.;-ile a.] a.可豎直的;可建立的
rectify [rect=straight or right正,直;-ify v.=to make使……→“to make right使正確”→] v. ① correct糾正:to rectify one's error糾正錯誤② reform 改過:to rectify one's life 改過自新 ③ adjust 校正:to rectify an instrument校正儀器
▽rectifiable [rectif(y);-iable a.] a.可糾正的;可調(diào)整的
rectification [rectif(y);-ication n.] n.糾正;整頓;校正
rectangle [rect=right直,垂直的;angle n.角→“figure having only right angles只有直角的圖形”→] n. four-sided figure with four right angles矩形
▽rectangular [rectang(le);-ular a.] a.矩形的;成直角的
rectilineal [rect=straight直;-i-;line=line線;-al a.=of ……的→] a. of a straight line直線的:rectilineal motion直線運動