【環(huán)境污染――資源短缺――人口爆炸――交通阻塞――犯罪現(xiàn)象――吸毒離婚自殺】
○災(zāi)難危機的類型及人類的憂慮
○災(zāi)難危機的起因、嚴重程度及危害
○人類的對策、解決方法
8. 大學課堂講座題
【由某權(quán)威人物講授某個領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)知識】
○講座發(fā)言人自我介紹、提出講座主題
○某個領(lǐng)域的問題、發(fā)展狀況、有趣的概念術(shù)語(經(jīng)常用數(shù)據(jù)說明)
○最具代表性的專家、事例、結(jié)論及原因
○此領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展前景，有可能引出下次課討論的話題
9. 實驗和調(diào)查研究題
【國外某大學進行的一項特殊調(diào)查、實驗、研究或統(tǒng)計】
○用一個日常生活事實引出話題
○描述美國某大學進行的調(diào)查實驗：數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計、目的及結(jié)果
○對結(jié)果進行分析，得出相關(guān)推論
○實驗結(jié)果的合理性及局限性，專家對此結(jié)論的看法
10. 新聞廣播題
【典型內(nèi)容：災(zāi)難――事故――罷工――沖突――搶劫】
○開篇句是播音員提及播音時間和自己姓名。如：The time is 7 o’clock, and this is Amily Brown with the news.
○第二句為關(guān)鍵句，多為長句，介紹某災(zāi)難或事故的發(fā)生時間、地點、人物、原因、結(jié)果(when, where, who, why, which and how)，同時帶出準確的受傷死亡人數(shù)
○詳細介紹災(zāi)難事故的發(fā)生背景和過程
○地方當局采取的措施，通常是正在做出的努力
二、四六級段落題中常見的重要信息提示語
聽者在聽音過程中要積極思維、快速反應(yīng)，特別要注意表示句與句之間關(guān)系的信息提示語，并借此發(fā)現(xiàn)句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，確定重要信息。聽者要想從結(jié)構(gòu)上把握篇章，就要順著指示語預(yù)期何時可能開始談?wù)撘粋€話題、何時出現(xiàn)講述的重點以及何時可能轉(zhuǎn)換話題，請注意以下的信息提示語。
1. 數(shù)字信息及相關(guān)事實
【普通數(shù)字、小數(shù)、分數(shù)、百分比、價格、比率、年代、時刻】
□ The earth’s crust is divided into seven sections.
□ There are only 24 well qualified male students at the Deep Spring College.
□ A job interview usually lasts from 30 to 45 minutes.
□ Middle English extended from about 1100 to about 1475.
□ “I taught my minority students English and Drama classes in high school for 20 years.
□ Dry ice was first manufactured in 1925.
□ Tuition will be on an average of 9 percent higher this year than last.
2. 因果關(guān)系提示語(原因為考查點)
【因為，由于， 歸因于(原因在后)】
□as…, since…, because…, now that…, considering…, given…, for reason that…,the reason why…is…, because of…, owing to…, on account of…, as a result of…, for the sake of…, due to…, result from…，thanks to…，attribute…to…
【導(dǎo)致，引起，成為…原因(原因在前)】
□…cause…, …lead to…, …bring about…, …contribute to…, …result in…, …account for…, trigger off…, …responsible for…, …to blame for…
【因此，所以(原因在前)】
□…and so…, …Therefore…, …Thus…, …Hence…, …As a result…, …That’s why…, …For this reason…, …Accordingly…, …As a consequence…, …Consequently…, so… that…, too…to…
3. 觀點提出及列舉
【觀點論題的提出】
□ Today, I"m going to discuss/ introduce/ talk about/ explain……
□ My speech will focus upon/center around/concentrate on……
□ The subject/topic/propose for today’s lecture/discussion is……
□ Today, people are increasingly concerned about/aware of the gravity of……
□ When it comes to……
【話題的另外一個方面或反面】
□ Another point I want to mention is ……
□ In addition ..., Besides ..., Apart from ..., Aside from ..., Moreover ..., Furthermore ...,What"s more…
□ On the contrary ..., However ..., But on the other hand..., Conversely ..., By contrast …, ...whereas ... A totally different picture lies in ...
【列舉話題的各個方面】
□ First/Firstly... …Second/Secondly... …Third/Thirdly… ... Lastly……
□ To begin with.….. Next…… Furthermore…... Finally…...
□ In the first place.….. In the second place…... Moreover…... By the way…...
□ Above all…... In addition…... Then.….. Afterward…... Last but not least…...
□ On the one hand… ... On the other hand…...
□ For one thing…... For another…...
【話題結(jié)束的總結(jié)語】
□In short/brief.……Briefly…...Summing up/To sum up…...Summarizing/To summarize…...To conclude…...In conclusion……As a result…...In general…...Generally speaking…...All in all…...By and large……On the whole…...On this basis…...Given all these aspects…...Everything considered…...Finally, it can be concluded/inferred/deduced that……
4. 論說文主題關(guān)鍵詞
【名詞】
□The point / idea / view / opinion / truth / fact / cause / reason / problem / question / answer / solution / explanation / threat / challenge / dilemma / difficulty / method / gist / propose / object / goal / motive / attitude / reaction / plan / first step / only way / controversy / conflict / dispute / argument / proof / evidence / advice / suggestion / proposal / request / requirement / standard / limitation / decision / intention / effect / result / consequence / duty / responsibility / task / danger / trouble / crisis / barrier / hope / possibility / exception / surprise is ……
【動詞】
□point out / advance / suggest / advice / emphasize / comment / explain / require / conclude / insist / maintain / hold it true that / believe / stick to / criticize / refute / prove / try to / attempt to / intend to / plan to / dream of / decide to / resolve to / determine to / object to / support / advocate / approve / agree / disapprove / disagree / prefer / claim / declare / deny / admit / endanger / mean
【形容詞(所有形容詞的最高級形式)】
□important / essential / critical / vital / dangerous / indispensable / necessary / urgent / best / biggest / serious / severe / grave / possible / impossible / likely / unlikely / surprised / unexpected / unusual / disappointed / desperate / special / unique / different / distinctive / direct / difficult / rare
【其它特殊表達方式】
□the only / the first / the last / except / with the exception of / especially / but / however / nevertheless / otherwise / unless / only if / so long as / on condition that / actually / as a matter of fact
三、段落理解題的題目設(shè)置規(guī)律
○段首句開門見山引出主題或故事發(fā)生環(huán)境，往往設(shè)置為考點
○因果關(guān)系中的原因是必考內(nèi)容，不管直接或間接提到的原因都會用why來提問
○形容詞副詞最高級形式一旦出現(xiàn)，則此句即成為考點，如：the most important reason is……; their biggest trouble was……; he worked most efficiently when ……
○故事題中的一個關(guān)鍵動詞，人物所說的一句意味深長的話需要找到同義解釋
○說明文中的數(shù)字年代和概念往往需要在選項中重新定位
○人物題中的重要年代及相關(guān)歷史事件需要重新搭配定位，不做記錄容易混淆
○議論文中有時自問自答，問題將成為考題，回答內(nèi)容即正確選項
○議論文中只要出現(xiàn)I think……, I believe it’s true that……, In my opinion……等表達，就會重新問及speaker的觀點態(tài)度; 沒有這些表達則段首句是其觀點。
