中風的警告信號是什么?

中風的警告信號是什么?

IN THE TIME IT TAKES TO read this article, at least one person in the U.S. will die from a stroke. Depending on how fast you read, 10 or more will suffer a stroke before you reach the last sentence. Stroke, obviously, is nothing to take lightly.

在閱讀本文的這段時間里，美國至少有一人將死于中風。根據(jù)你的閱讀速度，10個或更多的人在你讀到最后一句話之前會中風。很明顯，中風是不能掉以輕心的。

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that stroke kills about 140,000 Americans each year. That is about 1 of every 20 deaths that occur annually in the country. Someone in the U.S. has a stroke every 40 seconds, and someone dies from it every four minutes. Although stroke riskincreases with age, about one-third of people hospitalized for stroke are under 65 years old.

美國疾病控制與預防中心估計，每年約有14萬美國人死于中風。這大約是該國每年發(fā)生的20例死亡中的1例。在美國，每40秒就有一人中風，每4分鐘就有一人死于中風。盡管中風的風險隨著年齡的增長而增加，但大約三分之一年齡在65歲以下的人因中風而住院。

The CDC estimates that stroke costs the U.S. $34 billion each year in health care services, medicines to treat stroke and missed days of work. Stroke is a leading cause of serious long-term disability.

美國疾病控制與預防中心估計，中風每年給美國造成340億美元的醫(yī)療服務、治療中風的藥物和曠工。中風是導致嚴重的長期殘疾的主要原因。

Yet, despite these dire statistics, the American Stroke Association says that stroke "is preventable, treatable and beatable." The treatment part, however, depends the most on one important factor: speed. The faster you recognize the signs and symptoms of a stroke and begin treatment, the more likely you are to prevent long-term disability and death.

然而，盡管有這些可怕的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字，美國中風協(xié)會說中風“是可以預防、可治療和可戰(zhàn)勝的。”然而，治療部分最依賴于一個重要因素:速度。你越早發(fā)現(xiàn)中風的征兆和癥狀并開始治療，你就越有可能預防長期殘疾和死亡。

Types of Stroke

中風的類型

First, it's important to understand what a stroke is. The most common type is called ischemic stroke. This is when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain is obstructed by fatty deposits in the vessel lining, which is known as atherosclerosis. The ASA says about 87% of all strokes are ischemic in nature.

首先，了解中風是什么很重要。最常見的類型是缺血性中風。當向大腦供血的血管被血管內(nèi)壁的脂肪沉積阻塞時，這就是動脈粥樣硬化。ASA說87%的中風本質(zhì)上是缺血性的。

Another important type of stroke to know about is called a transient ischemic attack, or TIA. Also called a ministroke, a TIA is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. It doesn't cause permanent damage, may not cause noticeable or long-lasting symptoms and is often ignored. But the ASA warns that TIAs may signal that a full-blown stroke is soon to come, so symptom awareness is critical.

另一種需要了解的重要中風類型是短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作(TIA)。短暫性腦缺血發(fā)作(TIA)也稱為迷你發(fā)作(ministroke)，是一種暫時性的腦部血液流動障礙。它不會造成永久性的損害，可能不會引起明顯或長期的癥狀，而且常常被忽視。但是ASA警告說，TIAs可能預示著一場徹底的中風，因此癥狀意識是至關重要的。

Treatment

治療方案

For many types of ischemic stroke, doctors or first responders administer a medication called tPA intravenously , which quickly dissolves the blood clot and restores blood flow to the brain. It works best when given within three hours of the onset of stroke, but can also be given after that in some cases to reduce long-term damage from the stroke. Surgeons can also remove a blood clot surgically by going into the blocked vessel and pulling it out with a corkscrew-like instrument.

對于許多類型的缺血性中風，醫(yī)生或急救人員通過靜脈注射一種名為tPA的藥物，這種藥物能迅速溶解血凝塊，恢復流向大腦的血液。在中風發(fā)作后3小時內(nèi)服用效果最佳，但在某些情況下，也可以在3小時后服用，以減少中風造成的長期損害。外科醫(yī)生也可以通過手術(shù)移除血塊，方法是進入被阻塞的血管，然后用類似軟木塞的工具將其拔出。