魚和人類一樣，會感受到痛苦

Fish feel pain in a “strikingly similar” way to mammals including humans, a new study claims.

一項新的研究聲稱，魚類與包括人類在內的哺乳動物有著“驚人的相似”的痛感。

Injured fish will attempt to soothe their wounds, hyperventilate and even starve themselves due to pain, researchers say.

研究人員說，受傷的魚會試圖撫平傷口，過度呼吸，甚至會因為疼痛而餓死自己。

The existence of pain in mammals is a long-known fact and helped give rise to veganism and vegetarianism.

哺乳動物存在疼痛是一個眾所周知的事實，并有助于產生純素食主義和素食主義。

But many diets exclude meat but include fish, often due to a lack of evidence over whether fish feel pain.

但許多素食者不吃肉，卻吃魚類，這往往是因為缺乏證據證明魚類是否會感到疼痛。

Now a study claims that fish do feel pain in similar ways to mammals – including humans.

現在一項研究表明，魚類和哺乳動物——包括人類——的確有類似的痛感。

Fish given an electric shock in one part of the tank stopped feeding there, researchers from the University of Liverpool reported in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B journal.

利物浦大學的研究人員在《英國皇家學會哲學學報B》上發(fā)表的研究報告稱，在水箱的一部分受到電擊后，魚會停止進食。

The fish would refuse to feed for three days, effectively starving themselves.

這些魚會連續(xù)三天拒絕進食，實際上是讓自己挨餓。

Another type of fish called a perch would not feed as frequently after its mouth had been damaged by a fishing hook.

另一種叫做鱸魚的魚，在它的嘴被魚鉤鉤破后，就不那么頻繁地進食了。

This indicates that the fish had been hurt by the injury.

這表明這條魚受傷了。

Other fish were documented hyperventilating, waving their injury tails and rubbing parts of their body after an injury.

另一些魚在受傷后出現換氣過度、擺動受傷的尾巴和摩擦身體的部分。

Now experts say fish should be treated more humanely.

現在專家說，魚應該得到更人道的對待。

This includes using less damaging hooks to catch fish and killing fish more quickly after being caught, researchers say.

研究人員表示，這包括使用破壞性較小的魚鉤捕魚，以及在捕魚后更快地殺死魚。

“When subject to a potentially painful event, fishes show adverse changes in behavior such as suspension of feeding and reduced activity, which are prevented when a pain-relieving drug is provided,” said Dr. Lynne Sneddon, of the University of Liverpool.

利物浦大學的Lynne Sneddon博士說：“當魚類受到潛在的痛苦事件的影響時，它們會表現出行為上的不良變化，例如停止進食和活動減少，而當提供止痛藥時，這些都會被阻止。”

“When the fish’s lips are given a painful stimulus, they rub the mouth against the side of the tank – much like we rub our toe when we stub it.”

“當魚的嘴唇受到痛苦的刺激時，它們會用嘴摩擦水箱的側面——就像我們碰到腳趾時一樣。”

“If we accept fish experience pain, then this has important implications for how we treat them. Care should be taken when handling fish to avoid damaging their sensitive skin. And they should be humanely caught and killed.”

“如果我們接受魚會經歷疼痛，那么這對我們如何對待它們就有重要的意義。處理魚類時應小心，以免傷害它們敏感的皮膚。他們應該被人道地抓住并殺死。”

Scientists believe that almost all animals can detect when they’ve been injured.

科學家們相信幾乎所有的動物都能察覺自己何時受傷。

But there has been uncertainty around whether fish feel pain because they have a much simpler brain.

但魚是否感到疼痛還存在不確定性，因為它們的大腦要簡單得多。

So researchers examined decision-making and behavior after injuries – and used painkillers in an attempt to “fix” this.

因此，研究人員檢查了受傷后的決策和行為，并使用止痛藥試圖“修復”這一問題。

For instance, zebrafish exposed to hot temperates wouldn’t swim as far. But this behavior changed after morphine was introduced to the water.

例如，暴露在高溫下的斑馬魚不會游得那么遠。但在嗎啡被注入水中后，這種行為發(fā)生了改變。

Also, zebrafish and trout reacted in similar ways to acidic chemicals that create a burning sensation.

另外，斑馬魚和鱒魚對酸性化學物質的反應類似，會產生灼燒感。

“Anyone who has seen fish gasping for air while trapped in a trawler’s net, impaled at the end of a line, or floundering on the deck of a boat is sure to recognize that these animals experience fear, pain and distress – just like humans do,” said PETA director Elisa Allen, in a statement given to The Sun.

善待動物組織的負責人艾莉莎艾倫說：“任何人看到魚被困在拖網里、被刺穿在釣索末端或在船甲板上掙扎時喘氣，一定要意識到這些動物正經歷恐懼、痛苦和悲傷，就像人類一樣。”在一份給太陽報的聲明中。

“Fish are intelligent, have unique personalities and value their own lives and the more we learn about these fascinating animals, the harder it is for humans to justify sticking a fork in them.”

“魚很聰明，有獨特的個性，重視自己的生命，我們對這些迷人的動物了解得越多，人類就越難證明在它們身上插一把叉子是對的。”

Renowned marine biologist Sylvia Earle said, “I wouldn’t deliberately eat a grouper any more than I’d eat a cocker spaniel. They’re so good-natured, so curious.”

著名的海洋生物學家西爾維婭·厄爾說：“我不會故意吃石斑魚，就像吃可卡獵犬一樣。他們是那么善良，那么好奇。”

“Delicious fish-free fish fingers, faux fishcakes and even vegan prawns are all readily available.”

“美味的無魚炸魚條，人造魚餅，甚至素食蝦都很容易買到。”

“And not only are these better for animals and the world’s oceans, but they also offer all the taste but none of the toxins or cholesterol found in cruelly obtained fish flesh.”

“這些不僅對動物和世界海洋更好，而且它們提供了所有的味道，卻沒有在殘酷獲取的魚肉中發(fā)現的毒素或膽固醇。”