喝酒無論多少都會傷腦

While most people believe that an occasional drink won’t do them any harm, there are actually a number of ramifications for mental and physical health that can come out of any amount of alcohol consumption. A recent, extensive study of alcohol consumption has confirmed that there is no safe level of alcohol for brain health.

大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為偶爾飲酒不會對他們造成任何傷害，然而事實上，無論飲酒量多少，都會對人的心理和身體健康產(chǎn)生一定不良影響。最近，一項關(guān)于飲酒的廣泛研究表明，對于大腦健康來說，飲酒量沒有“安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。

Effects on the Brain’s Gray Matter

飲酒對大腦灰質(zhì)的影響

A study conducted by researchers from the University of Oxford that involved over 25,000 individuals concluded that there is no safe dose of alcohol for the brain. Scans of the study participants revealed that their drinking, regardless of the amount they consumed, had a negative effect on their brain’s gray matter.

牛津大學(xué)的研究人員對超過2.5萬人進行了研究后發(fā)現(xiàn)，飲酒沒有“安全劑量”，只要喝酒就會對大腦產(chǎn)生影響。對研究對象的掃描結(jié)果顯示，飲酒無論多少都會對大腦的灰質(zhì)產(chǎn)生消極影響。

Negatively Associated with Brain Health

飲酒與大腦健康呈現(xiàn)負(fù)相關(guān)

The researchers stated that the consumption of alcohol was “linearly and negatively associated with indices of brain health across most of the brain.” Even moderate consumption was associated with adverse effects on the brain, and those who binge drink may be more susceptible to alcohol’s effects.

研究人員表示，飲酒“與大腦大部分區(qū)域的大腦健康指數(shù)呈線性負(fù)相關(guān)”。即使是適度的飲酒也會對大腦產(chǎn)生不利影響，而酗酒者可能更容易受到酒精的影響。

The researchers advised that the current “low risk” drinking guidelines should be revisited. Adverse effects of alcohol on the brain were no different in study participants who consumed wine, beer, or liquor, indicating that the type of alcohol was not a factor in the negative impact on brain health.

研究人員建議，應(yīng)該重新審視目前“低風(fēng)險”的飲酒準(zhǔn)則。酒精對大腦的不利影響在飲用葡萄酒、啤酒或白酒的研究對象中沒有任何區(qū)別，這表明酒的類型不是改變酒精對大腦健康產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響的因素。

Individuals at Higher Risk

高風(fēng)險人群

Although all study participants who consumed alcohol in any amount were found to have impacted brain health, certain individuals were at higher risk. Those with characteristics such as obesity, high blood pressure, or binge drinking were more affected. Tony Rao, a visiting clinical fellow in Old Age Psychiatry at King’s College London, stated that “Even at levels of low-risk drinking, there is evidence that alcohol consumption plays a larger role in damage to the brain than previously thought. The (Oxford) study found that this role was greater than many other modifiable risk factors, such as smoking.”

盡管不同飲酒量的研究對象都表明飲酒會影響大腦健康，但某些特定人群的風(fēng)險更高。肥胖、患有高血壓或酗酒的人受到的影響更大。英國倫敦國王學(xué)院老年精神病學(xué)客座臨床研究員托尼·拉奧說：“即使是在低風(fēng)險的飲酒水平下，有證據(jù)表明，飲酒對大腦的損害所起的作用比以前想象的要大。牛津大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種作用比許多其他可改變的風(fēng)險因素（如吸煙）更大。”

Previous Study

先前的研究

This most recent research study confirms the findings of a previous study that also determined that no amount of wine, beer, or liquor is safe for overall health. In an analysis of 2016 global alcohol consumption and disease risk, published in The Lancet in 2018, researchers also found that even small amounts of alcohol affected the physical and mental health of the individuals who consumed it.

這項最新的研究證實了之前的研究結(jié)果，即不論是葡萄酒、啤酒或白酒，只要喝酒就會對人的整體健康造成影響。2018年發(fā)表在《柳葉刀》上的一項研究分析了2016年全球酒精消費和疾病風(fēng)險，研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是少量的酒精也會影響飲酒者的身體和精神健康。

In the 2018 study, it was reported that alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death worldwide in women and men between 15 and 49. Alcohol accounted for almost one in 10 deaths, the report stated. Alcohol-related deaths included cardiovascular diseases and cancer, as well as infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, intentional injury related to alcohol consumption including self-harm and violence, and unintentional injuries resulting from alcohol consumption, including fires and drowning.

2018年的這項研究指出，酒精是導(dǎo)致全球范圍內(nèi)15歲到49歲男女患病和早逝的第一大風(fēng)險因素，近十分之一的人因此喪命。與酒精有關(guān)的死亡包括心血管疾病、癌癥、傳染?。ㄈ绶谓Y(jié)核）、與飲酒有關(guān)的故意傷害（包括自殘和暴力），以及飲酒導(dǎo)致的意外傷害（包括火災(zāi)和溺水）。

That study’s senior author Emmanueal Gakidou, a professor at the University of Washington’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, said, “The most surprising finding was that even small amounts of alcohol use contribute to health loss globally. We’re used to hearing that a drink or two a day is fine. But the best way to keep healthy is never to touch a drop.”

該研究的資深作者、美國華盛頓大學(xué)健康指標(biāo)與評估研究所的教授伊曼紐爾·賈基杜說：“最令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，即使是少量的飲酒也會在全球范圍內(nèi)造成健康損失。我們習(xí)慣于認(rèn)為每天喝一兩杯有好處，而對身體最好的做法是——滴酒不沾。”