外國人最想和你聊的時事話題：貧困問題
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What is poverty 什么是貧困問題
In the economic development of the present world, poverty remains a grave problem which disturbs social development. A large poor population can be found in not only the developing countries and regions where it will increase but also in the economically developed European and American countries. Anti-poverty is a significant strategic decision for various countries to enhance their economic development. China, a developing country, is confronted with poverty inevitably in the course of its economic development, especially during the period of system transition. Moreover, during a particular phase, dual-poverty, the co-existence of the poor population in both the rural areas and urban areas, will arise. One underlying cause of this phenomenon is that a large unemployment population emerges as a result of the transition of the running mechanism in the state-owned enterprises. In view of all these, the problem of poverty is also a serious problem that confronts the building a well off society .The study of poverty will be national significance and also world-wide significance.Poverty refers to a living state under which the normal material and spiritual needs of an individual or a family can't be met as a result of both institutional factors and non-institutional factors. There is no doubt that developing and developed countries are all disturbed by poverty. However, the problems remain different in its nature and type. Poverty in developed countries is mainly a relative one. Those factors leading to poverty are mainly individual. The target of anti-poverty campaign is mainly against poor population. While in developing countries, poverty is mainly featured by absolute poverty. The factors can be found in their geography, history, society, politics and the negative aspects of their cultures. But as far as its nature is concerned, the low level productivity and unfair distribution of income are the main causes. The target of antipoverty campaign aims mainly at poor areas.
Poverty in China is an economic concept, which carries heavy political connotation. The subject of poverty is poor population while the object is poor areas. As for its characteristics, it is regional, ethic, stratum and institutional from a macroscopic view; from a meso-scopic view, it is featured by the adverse ecological environment, the frail infrastructure, the low-level and unitary economic structure, the lowlevel cultural life and the natural, semi-natured and planned economy; from a microscopic view, it's featured by possessing capital, especially human capital's insufficiency and inability. A correct definition of the types of poverty is the key point to improve the efficiency of antipoverty campaign in China. Poverty in China can be classified into institutional poverty and non- institutional poverty.
貧困(poverty)是一個十分復(fù)雜的問題，按照經(jīng)濟學(xué)的一般理論，貧困是經(jīng)濟、社會、文化貧困落后現(xiàn)象的總稱。但首先是指經(jīng)濟范疇(economic scope)的貧困，即物質(zhì)生活貧困(material poverty)，可定義為一個人或一個家庭的生活水平達不到一種社會可以接受的最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。貧困的存在有著歷史與現(xiàn)實的雙重原因，因而，貧困又是一個歷史性的范疇(historical scope)。根據(jù)不同的劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，貧困可以分為不同的類型。如絕對貧困(absolute poverty)和相對貧困(comparative poverty)，生存型貧困(survival poverty)、溫飽型貧困(subsistence poverty)和發(fā)展型貧困(development poverty)，區(qū)域型貧困(regional poverty)和個體型貧困(individual poverty)，城市貧困(urban poverty)和農(nóng)村貧困(rural poverty)，狹義貧困(narrow poverty)和廣義貧困(broad poverty)等等。
Governments should endeavor to mitigate distress.
政府應(yīng)努力緩解貧困問題。
The problem of the poor and the city in America is simplified the problem of the ghetto Negro.
美國的貧困問題與城市問題簡單來看就是居住在貧民區(qū)的黑人問題。
Practice has proved that economic growth is the key to solve the problem of poverty.
實踐證明，經(jīng)濟增長是解決貧困問題的關(guān)鍵。
Immediate solutions for solving problems surrounding poverty remain elusive.
立即解決貧困問題的辦法仍然是難以捉摸的。
We have international terrorism, abject poverty, sanitations, contaminate (pandemic) diseases and most importantly (these days) of these is, climate change issue.
我們面臨著國際恐怖主義，貧困問題，醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生問題，大范圍流行的疾病和最重要的全球氣候變暖問題。
These people are the key group China should show concern for in building an overall well-off society.
因此，解決貧困問題應(yīng)成為我國建設(shè)全面小康社會的重點。
The state has driven forward the solution of poverty in the rural poverty-stricken areas across the country through concentrated and effective aid to the impoverished counties.
通過對貧困縣的集中有效扶持，帶動了全國農(nóng)村貧困問題的解決。
Extreme poverty had reduced them to a state of apathy.
極端的貧困使他們?nèi)f念俱灰。
I see only dire poverty ahead from my feet to the grave.
面臨著我的沒有別的，只有可怕的貧困。
Before settlement there was exertion, anxiety and need in human life.
在定居之前，人類的生活充滿著勞累、焦慮和貧困。
He got congress to appropriate $25 million to resettle destitute families on farms.
他叫國會撥款二千五百萬美元在農(nóng)村安置貧困的家庭。
He reached the excess of destitution from which he never rose again.
他走到了貧困的極端，從此一蹶不振。
Her father has been down and out ever since the factory closed.
自從工廠關(guān)閉后，她的父親一直貧困潦倒，灰心喪志。
It was not the peril but the poverty that her family disliked.
她家所鄙夷的并非是險境，而是貧困。
It was poverty that reduced her to prostitution.
是貧困迫使她賣淫。
More state help is needed for the disadvantaged sections of the community.
國家需要向社區(qū)的貧困階層提供更多救濟。
Miss Zhang: Hello, Mr. Huang, nice to meet you.
張老師：你好，黃先生，很高興能見到你。
Mr. Huang: Hello, Miss Zhang, nice to meet you, too.
黃先生：你好，張老師，我也很高興能見到你。
Miss Zhang: I stand for Yaoan Hope primary school to come here. Thank you for what you have done for us.
張老師：我是代表姚安希望小學(xué)來這里，謝謝您為我們所做的一切。
Mr. Huang: It's my duty. You know, I was a man from a depressed area, so I know the kids in the mountain area are very poor. They need help.
黃先生：這是我的責(zé)任。你知道，我是一個從貧困地區(qū)出來的人，所以我知道那些山區(qū)的孩子非常的困難，他們需要幫助。
Miss Zhang: You are very kind. As we know, the children love studying, but the educational facilities are very poor. Every time I see the students sitting in the bad tables and chairs, I have a very strong desire to help them.
張老師：你很仁慈，正如我們所知道的，那些孩子很愛學(xué)習(xí)，但是教育設(shè)施很差。每次看到那些學(xué)生坐在那些已經(jīng)破掉的桌椅上，我就有一股很強的欲望想幫助他們。
Mr. Huang: You are a very kind teacher.
黃先生：你是個善良的老師。
Miss Zhang: Thank you. I just want to do something for the kids. They are just kids.
張老師：謝謝，我只是想為孩子們做點什么，他們只是一群孩子。
Mr. Huang: Our country has a large amount of population with many underdeveloped regions. The poverty problem has always persecutes our country. However, money sunk in education can not meet the needs of all students. So I'd like to create more opportunity for the children to receive education.
黃先生：我們國家的人口太多，而且很多地方都很落后，國家一直以來都面臨著嚴(yán)重的貧困問題。然而國家在教育方面投入的資金不足以滿足所有學(xué)生的需要。所以我希望能通過自己的力量讓更多的孩子有機會讀書。
Miss Zhang: Thanks a lot. If there are more kind people like you, there will be more people who have the opportunity to study.
張老師：太感謝您了。如果有更多的像您一樣善良的人，就會有更多的孩子有機會接受教育。
Mr. Huang: If you need any help, let me know.
黃先生：如果需要任何的幫助，盡管說。
Miss Zhang: I will. And this is my presumptuous request that the children want you to see them and say something to them.
張老師：我會的，這是我的不情之請，那些孩子想讓你去看看他們，對他們講講話。
Mr. Huang: It's my pleasure. I will be there.
黃先生：這是我的榮幸，我會去的。
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