外國(guó)人最想和你聊的文化話題：酒文化

　Get known west and Chinese wine　認(rèn)識(shí)中、西酒文化

     1　中、西酒文化的異同
     People no matter in China or in western countries all have the habit of drinking wine. They regard drinking wine as an indispensable part of life. The formation way of wine culture is different in different countries. In China, the word "jiu" for alcohol is used to refer to all types of alcoholic beverages. Since long time ago China had have the stories about Du Kang who invented the method of brewing wine. A legend in western countries about the origin of wine is also spread. The wine culture was gradually formed after the appearing of wine. The phrase"the wine culture" is put forward by the renowned economist professor Li in China. In 1994, Xiao jiacheng said that the wine culture referred to the integration of material, technical, spiritual, custom, psychological, and behavior phenomenon which generated around the center. While we pride ourselves on the long history of wine culture we only to find that we depend excessively on the traditional wine culture .As a result we can not make any innovation.
     There is no development and progress without innovation. In this case, we can learn from the western countries. There are varied types of wine with different raw materials, such as Gin, Whisky, Vodka, Rum, and Brandy. Even the cocktail which appeared later is confected based on some types of the wine. It is generally acknowledged that China is far away from the western countries. As a result, the way to drink is different. Even in China, there is also some difference between nationalities on the way to drink. There is also some similarities of wine culture between China and western countries although the difference exists. For example, both China and western countries have a beautiful legend about the origin of wine. The development of wine spirit accompanied with wine culture. While wine culture developed to a certain degree, schools of ideology came into being. In order to push the development of wine culture we should do our utmost to promote the international communication of the wine culture.
     2　洋酒的表達(dá)方式
     （1）Red [white] wine　紅[白]葡萄酒
     Wine is an alcoholic beverage, made of fermented fruit juice, usually from grapes.
     （2）Beer　啤酒
     It is produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grains-most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize (corn), and rice are widely used.
     （3）Brandy　白蘭地
     Brandy is a spirit produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35%-60% alcohol by volume and is typically taken as an afterdinner drink.
     （4）Whisky　威士忌
     Whisky is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash. Different grains are used for different varieties, including barley, malted barley, rye, malted rye, wheat, and maize (corn).
     （5）Vodka　伏特加
     Vodka is a distilled beverage and one of the world's most popular liquors. It is composed primarily of water and ethanol with traces of impurities and flavorings.
     （6）Gin　杜松子酒
     Gin is a spirit whose predominant flavor is derived from juniper berries.
     （7）Rum　朗姆
     Rum is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane byproducts such as molasses, or, directly from sugarcane juice, by a process of fermentation and distillation.
     洋酒，是所有國(guó)外酒的統(tǒng)稱。洋酒種類復(fù)雜，但主要有兩大類。一是釀造酒，用谷類、水果或其他含淀粉或糖的植物為原料，經(jīng)發(fā)酵、儲(chǔ)存陳熟制成的酒，如葡萄酒、啤酒。法國(guó)、意大利、南非、澳大利亞等地都是葡萄酒的重要產(chǎn)地。二是蒸餾酒，即發(fā)酵酒再經(jīng)過蒸餾、提純和儲(chǔ)存陳熟制成的酒，一般酒精含量都比較高，也就是我們常說的烈酒。烈酒可分為 6 類，即白蘭地、威士忌、龍舌蘭、朗姆、伏特加和杜松子酒。
Part 2　Key words ＆ Sentences　關(guān)鍵詞語全知道
     Talking about China's fine tradition of wine culture, wine and poetry had mentioned the close relationship between the poetry of wine is given a new interpretation of the source of origin so that the culture of wine in a long, and is deeply rooted.
     說到中國(guó)酒文化的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，就不得不提到酒與詩的密切關(guān)系，詩賦予酒的是全新的詮釋，使酒文化源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，根深葉茂。
     Cocktails and "mixed drinks" are much more popular and rather stronger in the USA than in Europe.
     雞尾酒或者混合酒，和歐洲相比在美國(guó)更加流行而且更加烈。
     Cocktail is stimulating liquor composed of spirits of any kind, sugar, water, and bitters-it is vulgarly called a bittered sling.
     雞尾酒是組合了任何類型的烈酒、砂糖、水和苦啤酒的刺激烈酒，粗俗的人稱它為bittered sling。
     Wine may be distilled into brandy.
     葡萄酒可蒸餾成白蘭地。
     What is distinctive to American wine festivals is that they appear in locations and on dates having nothing to do with wine production.
     美國(guó)酒節(jié)最顯著的特點(diǎn)是：舉行的地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間都與酒的生產(chǎn)毫無關(guān)系。
     The United States wine can be divided into beer, cocktails, whiskey and wine.
     美國(guó)的酒大致可分為啤酒、雞尾酒、威士忌和葡萄酒。
     Most wine festivals are targeted at the wealthy and consist of hours of lectures, seminars and structured "blind tastings" whereby participants build skills at identifying wines by smell, coloration, and taste.
     多數(shù)酒節(jié)是為有錢人舉辦的。酒節(jié)的內(nèi)容包括幾小時(shí)的講座、討論會(huì)及有組織的"品味猜酒"活動(dòng)。通過這些活動(dòng)，參加者用嗅味、看色、品嘗等方法來掌握識(shí)別酒的技巧。
     The three main categories which are to be examined during the wine tasting are appearance, its aroma, and the taste. It is important that you need to look into the wine, smell it and then in turn taste.
     品酒的三個(gè)主要審察方面是在品酒的外觀，它的香氣和口感。更重要的是，你需要觀察葡萄酒的顏色，然后再品嘗。
     Brandy uses fruit as raw materials, through fermentation, distillation, and become distilled liquor because of storage aging.
     白蘭地是以水果為原料，經(jīng)過發(fā)酵、蒸餾、貯藏陳釀而成的蒸餾酒。
     The French cognac brandy enjoys the reputation of the world's largest and highest Production .
     目前世界上產(chǎn)量最大、聲譽(yù)最高的白蘭地是法國(guó)科涅克。
     The first step in the wine tasting is the visual appearance, it is important that you do use a long stemmed wine glass without any scenic patterns on it which distract its appearance.
     第一步，品酒是外觀，重要的是你要使用一個(gè)長(zhǎng)腳玻璃酒杯并且不能改變品嘗酒的外觀。
     The next step is to smell the wine, hold the glass near your nose and in turn register the smell.
     第二步是葡萄酒的氣味，舉起玻璃杯湊近你的鼻子可以聞到氣味。
     The next is the best part of sipping the aromatic wine on to your mouth wherein it is important that you do not swallow the wine directly, but roll the wine directly on to mouth and in turn feel the various flavors which are present in the wine. Thus the simple process of wine tasting gets over with the three steps of look, smell and sip.
     第三步是最好的一部分，把葡萄酒的芳香帶給你的嘴，其中重要的是，你不能直接吞下酒，用舌頭卷住酒直接把它送進(jìn)嘴里，然后再體味在葡萄酒中的各種味道。這樣通過看、聞、品三步，就完成了品酒的簡(jiǎn)單過程。
     Whiskies are very special and characteristic, with the eye-catching golden yellow color, the "woody" or "smoky" hint in it's aroma, and the fruity sweetness and pleasant bitterness of its taste.
     耀眼的金黃色，略帶木質(zhì)或煙熏的迷人香氣，以及那果甜味和舒適的苦味使威士忌成為一種很特別、有個(gè)性的美酒。
     Barley is the main essential ingredient in the creation of Malt Whisky.
     大麥?zhǔn)侵圃禧溠客考傻淖钪饕某煞帧?br />      Vodka's an alcoholic beverage that's supposed to be relatively flavorless.
     一直以來，人們認(rèn)為伏特加是一種相對(duì)無味的酒精飲料。
     Grape wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast consumes the sugars in the grapes and converts them into alcohol.
     葡萄酒通過各種各樣的酵母發(fā)酵壓榨的葡萄制成。酵母消耗葡萄里的糖分，同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為酒精。
     Wines made from other fruits, such as apples and berries, are normally named after the fruit from which they are produced (for example, apple wine or berry wine) and are generically called fruit wine.
     酒如果用其他水果制成，譬如蘋果和漿果，就會(huì)以水果原料來命名，例如蘋果酒和漿果酒，通常稱為果酒。
     France has various appellation systems based on the concept of terroir. Wines from outside of the traditional wine growing regions of Europe tend to be classified by grape rather than by terroir or region of origin.
     法國(guó)對(duì)葡萄酒的稱謂系統(tǒng)是基于地域的，而歐洲以外的傳統(tǒng)葡萄酒是以葡萄的不同來命名的。