英文語法雜談：虛擬語氣 （一）

　　如果你看到下列的句子，你會認為它們是正確的還是錯的呢?

　　1.　I wish I were a bird.

　　2.　We request that you be here tomorrow.

　　也許你會說：“哈哈，第一句的I were 錯了，應該是I was;而第二句中的you be是什么東東呀?不是you are, 也不是you will be, 什么you be?!”

　　其實上面的句子都是一種稱為 Subjunctive 類型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的書譯為“假設語氣”，雖不很貼切;但在相當大的程度上，告訴我們這種句子的特點，Subjunctive Mood中文譯作“虛擬語氣”，似乎不及“假設語氣”那么容易明白。它是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的某種假設、愿望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義。

　　基本上，虛擬語氣可分為虛擬現在(Subjunctive Present)和虛擬過去(Subjunctive Past)兩種;但它們和時態(tài)(Tenses)上所指的現在時態(tài)(Present Tense)和過去時態(tài)(Past Tense)是有所不同的。

　　一、虛擬現在(Subjunctive Present)

　　虛擬現在的句子，在任何時候都要用動詞的原形(root form)，就算是第三人稱(he, she, it)也是如此。如：

　　1.1　現在時態(tài)(Simple Present)

　　I work ---- I work

　　you work ---- you work

　　he works ---- he work (注意到了嗎，是work，不是works)

　　she works ---- she work (不是she works 喔)

　　it works ---- it work　(同樣不是it works 喔)

　　we work ---- we work

　　they work ---- they work

　　1.2　現在進行時態(tài)(Present Continuous)

　　I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是be，怪怪的!)

　　you are working ---- you be working

　　he is working ---- he be working

　　she is working ---- she be working

　　it is working ---- it be working

　　we are working ---- we be working

　　they are woring ---- they be working

　　1.3　現在完成時態(tài)(Present Perfect)

　　I have worked ---- I have worked

　　you have worked ---- you have worked

　　he has worked ----- he have worked (用的還是have喔)

　　she has worked ---- she have worked

　　it has worked ---- it have worked

　　we have worked ---- we have worked

　　they have worked ---- they have worked

　　1.4　現在完成進行時態(tài)(Present Perfect Continuous)

　　I have been working ---- I have been working

　　you have been working ---- you have been working

　　he has been working ---- he have been working　(是he have, 不是he has )

　　she has been working ---- she have been working

　　it has been working --- it have been working

　　we have been working ---- we have been working

　　they have been working ---- they have been working