英文語法雜談：虛擬語氣 （三）

　　3.1　祝愿

　　1.　May you be happy. (注意那個be ) 祝你幸福。

　　2.　May you have a good time.

　　3.　May the friendship between us last long,

　　4.　Have a good journey! 祝你旅途愉快!

　　3.2　命令

　　注意：1.命令虛擬語氣只能用在第二人稱(you)，而且通常省略主語(也就是you)。

　　2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號：!

　　3.虛擬語氣動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go

　　4.否定形式的命令語氣，可用助動詞 do，加上 not。

　　1.　Work !

　　2.　Work harder !

　　3.　Be more alert ! (虛擬語氣動詞Be)

　　4.　You go out !

　　5.　Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虛擬語氣)

　　6.　Don't be afraid. (口語中常用don't 代替do not)

　　四、在現(xiàn)在時態(tài)句里，用情態(tài)動詞(Modal Verb)的過去時態(tài)(could,might,should,would)表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮、委婉等：

　　1. Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office.

　　(情態(tài)動詞would,表示客氣有禮)

　　2. It would be better for you not to stay up too late.(表示委婉)

　　五、虛擬語氣在賓語從句(Subordinate Clasue)中的用法：

　　5.1 在wish后的虛擬語氣賓語從句(可省略它的that)：

　　表示：a.和現(xiàn)在的事實相反;

　　b.和過去的事實相反;

　　c.對將來的主觀愿望。

　　5.1.1 現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，從句用過去式或過去進行式(時間上是同時的)：

　　1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.

　　(wish, 動詞過去式 knew)

　　我希望知道這個答案。(事實上是不知道)

　　2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.

　　(wish, were)

　　但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。(事實上不可能)

　　3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)

　　但愿我是只小鳥。(事實上不可能,難道是鳥人?呵呵)

　　4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.

　　(wished, 過去虛擬動詞were)(事實上并不在家)

　　5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.

　　(wishes,過去虛擬動詞understood)

　　現(xiàn)在他在中國，他希望能懂得中文。(事實上并不懂)

　　6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.

　　(will wish, 過去虛擬動詞were)(事實上并不和我們在一起)

　　5.1.2 過去情況的虛擬，從句動詞用"had + 過去分詞"(時間上較前):

　　1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.

　　我后悔不該浪費這么多時間。(事實上已浪費了)

　　2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.

　　他真希望沒有失去機會。(其實已失去)

　　3. We wished he had spoken to us.

　　(wished，had + spoken)(事實上他并沒同我們講)

　　4. I wish you had called earlier.

　　(wish，had + called)(事實上已遲了)

　　5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.

　　(will wish,had + listened)(事實上并不如此)

　　5.1.3 將來情況的虛擬(表示將來的主觀愿望)，從句動詞用“would/should/could/might + 動詞原形”(時間上較后)

　　1. I wish it would stop raining.(虛擬動詞would+動詞原形stop)

　　我希望雨能停止。(事實上雨還在下著呢)

　　2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)

　　我希望你安靜一些。(事實上那家伙還在吵著呢)

　　3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)

　　你希望她第二天會到。(事實上她還沒到)

　　4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)

　　我希望她會改變主意。(呵呵，女孩子可沒那么容易就改變主意喔)

　　5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)

　　(只是希望我們和他在一起，實際上還沒在一起)

　　虛擬語氣的相關語法(Subjunctive Mood)