1.基本用法
(1)表示現(xiàn)在為止剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。
He has bought a new car recently.他最近買了輛新車。
I haven’t heard from Jane lately.我最近沒(méi)收到珍妮的信。
(2)表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
I have collected coins for many years.我收集硬幣有很多年了。
George has been in business since he finished college.喬治大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后就一直經(jīng)商。
I have studied English since 2005.我從2005年起就學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
Up to now,the work has been easy.到現(xiàn)在為止這工作還算容易。
2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用狀語(yǔ)
recently 近來(lái) lately 最近 so far/up till/until now 到目前為止
in recent years 在最近幾年里 in the past/last few years 在過(guò)去的幾年里
3.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
(1)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:可與for,since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)連用。
drink 喝 eat 吃 fly 飛 have 有 keep 保持 know 知道
lie 躺著 live 住 play 玩 rain 下雨 read 讀 run 跑
sing 喝 sleep 睡覺(jué) smoke 抽煙 snow 下雪 stand 站 talk 說(shuō)
wait 等 walk 走 wear 穿 work 工作
We’ve lived here since 1990.從1990年起我們就在這里住了。
I’ve known him for many years.我認(rèn)識(shí)他有許多年了。
He has been here for a week.他已來(lái)了一個(gè)星期。
I have learned English since I came here.自從我來(lái)到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。
(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:不能與for,since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)連用。
admit 承認(rèn) arrive 到達(dá) begin 開(kāi)始 borrow 借 buy 買 break 打破
close 關(guān)閉 come 來(lái) die 死 fall 倒 go 走 hit 擊中
join 加入 jump 跳 leave 離開(kāi) lose 丟 marry 結(jié)婚 open 打開(kāi)
put 放 start 開(kāi)始 stop 停
He has always gone to work by bike.他總是騎自行車上班。
I’ll go to bed when I’ve finished my homework.我做完作業(yè)后就上床睡覺(jué)。
The ship has just arrived from Tanzania.這艘輪船剛從坦桑尼亞到達(dá)這里。
Has your brother left school yet? 你兄弟已經(jīng)畢業(yè)了嗎?
(3)相互替代的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
續(xù)表
The old man died 4 years ago.老人四年前去世的。(非延續(xù)性)
The old man has been dead for 4 years.(延續(xù)性)
He joined the Party 2 years ago.兩年前他入黨了。(非延續(xù)性)
He has been in the Party for 2 years.(延續(xù)性)
I bought the book 5 days ago.五天前我買的這本書(shū)。(非延續(xù)性)
I have had the book for 5 days.(延續(xù)性)
(4)have gone to 與have been to的區(qū)別
He has been to Paris three times.他去過(guò)巴黎三次了。
He has gone to Paris now.他現(xiàn)在去巴黎了。
【提示】 后接here,there,home等地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí),要省略to。
I have been here only once.我只去過(guò)一次。
He’s gone home already.他已經(jīng)回家了。
4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用句式
(1)in/for/during the past/last ...years,意為“在過(guò)去……年中”。
In the past two years I’ve seen him little.過(guò)去兩年我很少見(jiàn)到他。
I have been here (for)the last/past month.最近一個(gè)月里我都在這兒。
(2)It’s/will be the first time that ...have done ...,意為“第一次……”。
It’s the first time I’ve come here.這是我第一次來(lái)這兒。
It is the third time that I have visited your beautiful city.
這是我第三次參觀你們這座美麗的城市了。
Don’t forget,it’ll be the first time I’ve spoken in public.
別忘了,這是我第一次在公共場(chǎng)合發(fā)言。
(3)主語(yǔ)+is+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+that+have done ...
She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen in my life.
她是我這輩子看過(guò)的最美麗的女孩。
【比較】
①That’s the most interesting book (that)I’ve ever read.(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
②That was the most interesting book (that)I had ever read.(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí))5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)純屬過(guò)去的事情;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。
I’ve lived here for ten years.我在這里住了10年。(現(xiàn)在仍住這兒)
I lived here for ten years.我在這里住過(guò)10年。(現(xiàn)在不住這兒了)
He bought a house ten years ago.十年前他買了棟房子。(現(xiàn)在不一定有房子)
He has bought a house.他已經(jīng)買了棟房子。(他現(xiàn)在有房子)
He was a teacher then.他那時(shí)是個(gè)教師。(他曾經(jīng)當(dāng)過(guò)老師)
He has been a teacher since then.他從那時(shí)起一直當(dāng)教師。(他現(xiàn)在還是教師)
(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不用于when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中,但可與where,why等疑問(wèn)詞連用。
When did the train leave? 火車什么時(shí)候開(kāi)的?(一般過(guò)去時(shí))
Where have you been? 你去哪里了?(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
Why has he gone to Australia? 他為何去了澳大利亞?(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
【辨析】你什么時(shí)候和他首次見(jiàn)面的?
【誤】When have you first met him?
【正】When did you first meet him?
(3)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),只能用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
She lived here two years ago.兩年前她住在這里。
He has been in the League for three years.他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫了封信。
【辨析】她兩年前就住在這里了。
【誤】She has lived here two years ago.
【正】She has lived here since two years ago.
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