[高中]全新語法:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法 七、過去完成時(shí)

七、過去完成時(shí)

1.基本用法

（1）表示在過去某時(shí)或過去另一動(dòng)作之前所完成的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。

She had learned English before she came to England.她在來英國以前已學(xué)過英文了。

I went there at the time agreed upon，but they had already disappeared.

我在約好的時(shí)間去那里，但是他們早已散去了。

I asked him if he had ever seen a whale blowing.我問他是否看過鯨噴水。

（2）表示過去某一時(shí)間以前開始一直延續(xù)到那個(gè)時(shí)間，并可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與by或before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。

We hadn’t seen each other before we left Paris.離開巴黎之前我們一直沒見過面。

We had learnt fifteen lessons by last week.到上周為止，我們學(xué)完了十五篇課文。

2.常與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語

by the end of last week 到上周末為止　　　by that time 到那時(shí)為止

before that year 那年之前　　　　　　　　 before I did ...在我……之前

when I did ...在我……時(shí)

3.過去完成時(shí)的常用句式

（1）“had done+to do”或“did+to have done”，表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的過去的愿望。

常用動(dòng)詞：expect hope imagine intend mean plan suppose think

　　　　　want wish

I had hoped to pass the examination.我曾希望能通過考試。（實(shí)際未通過）

I hoped to have passed the examination.

He had wanted to buy a house in Beijing.他本想在北京買棟房子。（實(shí)際沒買）

He wanted to have bought a house in Beijing.

I had meant to come，but something happened.

我本想來，但有事就沒有來。（實(shí)際沒來）

I meant to have come,but something happened.

We had thought to return early.我們本想早回來的。（實(shí)際沒回來）

we thought to have returned early.

I had intended to call on you.我本來打算去拜訪你的，但沒辦法。（實(shí)際上沒有拜訪）

I intended to have called on you,but in vain.

（2）it/this was the first time that ...had done ...，意為“這是某人第一次……”。

This was the first time he had ever been late.這是他第一次遲到。

It was the first time that he had left hometown.這是他第一次離開故鄉(xiāng)。

（3）no sooner ...than，hardly ...when （before），scarcely ...when （before）

He had hardly arrived when it began to snow.他一到，天就下起雪來了。

I had scarcely left the house when it began to rain.我剛離開家，天就開始下雨。

We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke.我們剛出發(fā)就遇到了大雷雨。

【提示】 當(dāng)no sooner/scarcely/hardly用在句首時(shí)語序用倒裝，主句要用過去完成時(shí)。

Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.

Scarcely had I left the house when it began to rain.

No sooner had we set out than a thunderstorm broke.

（4）By the time+從句+did ...，主語+had done ...

By the time we arrived，everyone had received medical care.

我們到達(dá)時(shí)，每個(gè)人都已接受了醫(yī)療護(hù)理。

By the time the flood came，most of the inhabitants had left their homes.

洪水到來前，大部分居民已離開他們的家園。

（5）It was+一段時(shí)間+since+had done....

It was ten years since we had enjoyed ourselves.十年我們都沒這么高興了。

It was over a year now since he had seen her.他上次見她以來已經(jīng)一年多了。