托福閱讀之西班牙推"社區(qū)冰箱"分享食物

　　Food waste is a growing problem throughout the world; on one hand, we've got so many people starving or living in food insecurity, and on the other hand, in places like Western Europe or the US people are wasting almost 50% of what they eat. It seems rational to find ways to send the excess food to the places where it's most needed, but that doesn't happen nearly as much as it should. With that in mind, people in Galdakao, Spain, took initiative.

　　全球的食物浪費(fèi)形勢(shì)越來(lái)越嚴(yán)峻。一方面，很多人仍然在挨餓或者沒(méi)有足夠的食物;另一方面，西歐、美國(guó)等地區(qū)吃剩浪費(fèi)的食物近50%。尋找方法把多余的食物送送到最需要食物的地方似乎是一種合理的選擇，但是這樣的現(xiàn)象并不經(jīng)常發(fā)生?？紤]到這一問(wèn)題，西班牙加爾達(dá)考的人們積極采取了行動(dòng)。

　　They launched what they call the Community Fridge – a regular white fridge placed in the middle of the town where anyone can drop food or leftovers and anyone can come in and take it. This one fridge has already saved 300 kg of food in just two months. The creators of the fridge are adamant that the service is not a charity – anyone can come and just take whatever food they want.

　　他們推出了一種“社區(qū)冰箱”，這個(gè)普通的白色冰箱被安置在鎮(zhèn)中心，任何人都可以把食物或吃剩的飯菜放在這，或來(lái)這取食物。這個(gè)冰箱在僅僅兩個(gè)月內(nèi)已經(jīng)節(jié)省了300千克食物。這個(gè)冰箱的發(fā)起者堅(jiān)稱這項(xiàng)服務(wù)不是施舍，每個(gè)人都可以來(lái)，想拿走什么就拿走什么。

　　Of course, there are a few regulations though – you can't donate raw fish, meat or eggs, for health reasons. Also, all the food has to be within its expiration date and anything homemade should have a label with the ingredients; reasonable rules, and so far, the program seems to enjoy its success. Other Spanish cities have expressed interest in adopting their own Community Fridge.

　　當(dāng)然也有些規(guī)定，為了健康起見(jiàn)，不能捐贈(zèng)生魚、肉和雞蛋。而且，所有的食物必須在保質(zhì)期內(nèi)，自制食品必須添加標(biāo)簽說(shuō)明它的成分，這些都是合理的規(guī)定。到目前為止，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目似乎很成功。西班牙其他城市也對(duì)安置這種“社區(qū)冰箱”頗有興趣。

　　This is not the first time this kind of idea has been put forth. In Pumpipumpe in Switzerland residents place stickers on their mailbox to mark goods they can lend to neighbors and that works out just fine. A man in the Saudi city of Hail has also put a fridge outside his house and called on neighbors to fill it with food for the needy. However, in Yolo County, California, several University of California graduate students placed a community fridge on their lawn, sharing what they didn't need. People loved the idea and it worked just as it should, until the Yolo County Health Department caught wind of the experiment, they shut it down. County officials claimed the fridge was an illegal food facility.

　　此前也有類似的想法倡議。在瑞士的Pumpipumpe，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裨谒麄兊泥]箱上貼上標(biāo)簽，標(biāo)明哪些物品可以借給鄰居，效果還不錯(cuò)。沙特海爾市的一名男子也在自家門外放了一臺(tái)冰箱，號(hào)召鄰居往里面放食物送給窮人。然而，在加州約洛縣，加利福尼亞大學(xué)的幾名研究生在草坪上安置了一臺(tái)社區(qū)冰箱，把他們用不著的食物分享給大家。人們覺(jué)著這個(gè)點(diǎn)子很贊，而且效果也不錯(cuò)，直到約洛縣衛(wèi)生部門聽(tīng)說(shuō)了這個(gè)嘗試，他們叫停了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目?？h官員稱這臺(tái)冰箱是非法的食品設(shè)施。

　　"He's started a food business. The food's not from an approved source. He can't guarantee its safety. There are so many unknowns that there is a high risk to the public,"said April Meneghetti, a Yolo County environmental health specialist.

　　約洛縣環(huán)境衛(wèi)生專家阿普麗爾•梅內(nèi)蓋蒂表示，“他開始做食品生意，食物的來(lái)源未經(jīng)認(rèn)可。他不能保證食品安全。仍有很多未知因素，這將給市民帶來(lái)很高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。”

　　That idea doesn't fly in the US, and it seems like some people would rather throw food away than risk sharing it with others, but I certainly think this idea is worth spreading. Sure, you need someone to verify the contents of the fridge periodically and take out the food that goes bad, but for 150 kg of food per month, with one fridge? I think that's worth it.

　　這種想法并沒(méi)有在美國(guó)流行開來(lái)，一些人似乎寧愿扔掉食物，也不愿冒險(xiǎn)與別人分享，但是我的確認(rèn)為這個(gè)想法值得傳播開來(lái)。當(dāng)然，需要有人定期檢查冰箱里放的食物，把壞掉的食物拿出來(lái)。僅用一個(gè)冰箱，每個(gè)月就能節(jié)省150公斤的食物，我認(rèn)為值得一試。

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