托福閱讀高難度文章長(zhǎng)難句實(shí)例解析：暗箱設(shè)備產(chǎn)生圖像的方式

　　The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper,were already familiar—the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice.

　　詞匯講解：

　　camera obscura n. 暗箱

　　pinhole n. 小孔，針孔

　　topographical /?t?p?'ɡræfik?l/ adj. 地形上的，地形學(xué)的

　　結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：

　　The images (produced by the camera obscura), (a boxlike device) (that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper), were already familiar—the device had been much employed (bytopographical artists) (like the Italian painter Canaletto) (in his detailed views of the city of Venice).

　　深度分析：

　　這個(gè)句子的主干就是The images were already familiar

　　本句中的斷句請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e注意一下，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)被非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以及從句隔開(kāi)了。

　　修飾一：(produced by the camera obscura) ，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，修飾the images

　　中文：由暗箱所產(chǎn)生的

　　修飾二：(a boxlike device) ，同位語(yǔ)

　　中文：盒裝設(shè)備

　　修飾三：(that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper) ，從句，修飾a boxlike device)

　　中文：用一個(gè)小孔或透鏡把一張圖像投射到一塊毛玻璃或一張紙上

　　修飾四：(by topographical artists) ，介詞短語(yǔ)

　　中文：通過(guò)地形藝術(shù)家

　　修飾五：(like the Italian painter Canaletto)，介詞短語(yǔ)

　　中文：像意大利畫(huà)家Canaletto

　　修飾六：(in his detailed views of the city of Venice)，介詞短語(yǔ)

　　中文：在詳細(xì)呈現(xiàn)威尼斯風(fēng)景時(shí)

　　參考翻譯：

　　由暗箱(一種盒裝設(shè)備，用一個(gè)小孔或透鏡把一張圖像投射到一塊毛玻璃或一張紙上)所產(chǎn)生的圖像已經(jīng)很熟悉了——這種設(shè)備已經(jīng)被地形藝術(shù)家使用，例如意大利畫(huà)家Canaletto在詳細(xì)呈現(xiàn)威尼斯風(fēng)景時(shí)使用了這種設(shè)備。