《深化改革決定》要點雙語對照
五、深化財稅體制改革
V—Fiscal and tax system
財稅體制是國家治理的重要保障。
The fiscal and taxation system is an important guarantee of State governance.
17. 改進預算管理制度。建立規(guī)范合理的中央和地方政府債務管理及風險預警機制。中央出臺增支政策形成的地方財力缺口，原則上通過一般性轉移支付調節(jié)。清理、整合、規(guī)范專項轉移支付項目。
17. Improve the budgetary system. Establish a standard and reasonable debt-management system for central and local governments and a risk-alert system. In principle, a shortfall in local government should be filled by general transfer payments. Clean, merge and standardize special transfer payments.
18. 完善稅收制度。完善地方稅體系，逐步提高直接稅比重。推進增值稅改革，適當簡化稅率。調整消費稅征收范圍和稅率。把高耗能、高污染產品及部分高檔消費品納入征收消費稅范圍。加快房地產稅立法并適時推進改革，推動環(huán)境保護費改稅。
18. Improve the taxation system. Perfect the local taxation base by gradually raising the share of direct taxation. Advance value-added tax reform and simplify rate levels, and adjust the scope and rate of the consumption tax. Energy and pollution-intensive products and high-end consumer products will be subject to a consumption tax. Also, accelerate property-tax legislation and related reform at an appropriate time. Change the current environmental-protection fee into an environment tax.
19. 建立事權和支出責任相適應的制度。適度加強中央事權和支出責任。國防、外交、國家安全、關系全國統(tǒng)一市場規(guī)則和管理等作為中央事權。保持現(xiàn)有中央和地方財力格局總體穩(wěn)定。進一步理順中央和地方收入劃分。
19. Establish a system in which the government's administrative authority is commensurate with its spending responsibility. Increase the administrative authority and spending responsibility of the central government. The central government will oversee expenditure for defense, diplomacy, national security and other issues related to national market rule and management. Keep the current fiscal power of central and local governments stable. Close the fiscal revenue divide between central and local government.
六、健全城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化體制機制
VI—Urban-rural development
城鄉(xiāng)二元結構是制約城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展一體化的主要障礙。必須讓廣大農民平等參與現(xiàn)代化進程。
The existing urban-rural dual structure is a main obstacle to integrated development. Efforts must be made to allow farmers to participate in China's modernization.
20. 加快構建新型農業(yè)經營體系。推進家庭經營、集體經營、合作經營、企業(yè)經營等共同發(fā)展的農業(yè)經營方式。依法維護農民土地承包經營權。允許農民以承包經營權入股發(fā)展農業(yè)產業(yè)化經營。鼓勵和引導工商資本到農村發(fā)展適合企業(yè)化經營的現(xiàn)代種養(yǎng)業(yè)，向農業(yè)輸入現(xiàn)代生產要素和經營模式。
20. Accelerate the building of a new agricultural-operation system based on a mix of family, collective, cooperative and enterprise operations. Land-contracting rights will be protected. Farmers are allowed to become shareholders in the agriculture-industrialization via their land-contracting rights. Private capital is encouraged to invest in a modern planting and breeding industry, and for introducing modern production and management methods.
21. 賦予農民更多財產權利。積極發(fā)展農民股份合作，賦予農民對集體資產股份占有、收益、有償退出及抵押、擔保、繼承權。改革完善農村宅基地制度，保障農戶宅基地用益物權，選擇若干試點，探索農民增加收入渠道。建立農村產權流轉交易市場。
21. Farmers will be given more property rights. They are encouraged to develop a shareholding system from which they can realize benefits. Meanwhile, they can also sell a share or take it as collateral or warranty. They also have the right of succession. Moreover, the homestead system in rural areas will be improved, and farmers' usufruct rights of homestead will be ensured. A pilot program will be carried out in some areas to discover other channels for improving farmers' income. A rural property-rights trading market will be established.
22. 推進城鄉(xiāng)要素平等交換和公共資源均衡配置。保障農民工同工同酬，保障農民公平分享土地增值收益，保障金融機構農村存款主要用于農業(yè)農村。改革農業(yè)補貼制度，完善農業(yè)保險制度。鼓勵社會資本投向農村建設。
22. A more balanced allocation of public resources between urban and rural areas will be promoted. Migrant workers should get the same pay for the same job. Farmers should receive a fair share of the profits from land-value appreciation. Deposits in rural financial institutions should be mainly used to finance the development of agriculture and rural areas. The agricultural subsidiary system and insurance system will be improved. Social-capital investment is encouraged for construction in rural areas.
23. 完善城鎮(zhèn)化健康發(fā)展體制機制。推進以人為核心的城鎮(zhèn)化。加快戶籍制度改革，推進農業(yè)轉移人口市民化。全面放開建制鎮(zhèn)和小城市落戶限制，有序放開中等城市落戶限制。合理確定大城市落戶條件，嚴格控制特大城市人口規(guī)模。穩(wěn)步推進城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務常住人口全覆蓋，把進城落戶農民完全納入城鎮(zhèn)住房和社會保障體系。
23. Build a healthy urbanization that puts people at the center. Reform of the hukou (or household registration) system will be accelerated to help farmers become urban residents. The country will relax overall control of farmers settling in towns and small cities, and relax restrictions on settling in medium-sized cities in an orderly manner. China should set reasonable requirements for rural residents to obtain hukou in large cities, and strictly control the size of population in megacities. Efforts should be made to make basic urban public services available to all permanent residents in cities, including all rural residents. This includes the affordable-housing system and the social security network.
七、構建開放型經濟新體制
VII—Further opening-up
必須推動對內對外開放相互促進、引進來和走出去更好結合。
Efforts are to be made to facilitate overseas companies' entry to China and Chinese companies' expansion abroad.
24. 放寬投資準入。推進金融、教育、文化、醫(yī)療等服務業(yè)領域有序開放，放開育幼養(yǎng)老、建筑設計、會計審計、商貿物流、電子商務等服務業(yè)領域外資準入限制，進一步放開一般制造業(yè)。加快海關特殊監(jiān)管區(qū)域整合優(yōu)化。在推進中國上海自由貿易試驗區(qū)基礎上，選擇若干具備條件地方發(fā)展自由貿易園(港)區(qū)。允許企業(yè)及個人自擔風險到各國各地區(qū)自由承攬工程和勞務合作項目，允許創(chuàng)新方式走出去開展綠地投資、并購投資、證券投資、聯(lián)合投資等。加快同有關國家和地區(qū)商簽投資協(xié)定。
24. Widen investment access. The finance, education, culture and medical sectors will enjoy an orderly opening-up to market access, while nursery, pension, architecture design, accounting and auditing, trade and logistics, and e-commerce investment restrictions will be eased. Further liberalization will be achieved in general manufacturing, and the streamlining of special customs supervisory areas will be accelerated. Based on practices in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, a number of qualified areas will be built into FTAs. Enterprises and individuals will be encouraged to invest overseas and undertake contract and labor cooperation projects at their own risk, through greenfield investment, mergers and acquisitions, equities and joint investment. Investment treaty negotiations with other countries and regions will be expedited.
25. 加快自由貿易區(qū)建設。堅持世界貿易體制規(guī)則，堅持雙邊、多邊、區(qū)域次區(qū)域開放合作。改革市場準入、海關監(jiān)管、檢驗檢疫等管理體制。加快環(huán)境保護、投資保護、政府采購、電子商務等新議題談判，形成面向全球的高標準自由貿易區(qū)網絡。
25. Construction of free-trade zones will be sped up, with adherence to the rules of world trade system and insistence on bilateral, multilateral and regional cooperation. Reforms will be carried out in market access, customs supervision and inspection and quarantine management. Negotiations in emerging issues such as environmental protection, investment protection, government procurement and e-commerce will be accelerated to form a global, high-standard network of free trade zones.
26. 擴大內陸沿邊開放。形成內陸產業(yè)集群。支持內陸城市增開國際客貨運航線，發(fā)展多式聯(lián)運。推動內陸同沿海沿邊通關協(xié)作，實現(xiàn)口岸管理相關部門信息互換、監(jiān)管互認、執(zhí)法互助。允許沿邊重點口岸、邊境城市、經濟合作區(qū)在人員往來、加工物流、旅游等方面實行特殊方式和政策。建立開發(fā)性金融機構，加快同周邊國家和區(qū)域基礎設施互聯(lián)互通建設。
26. Inland and border areas will be further opened up. With the formation of industrial clusters, inland cities will be encouraged to open international passenger and cargo air routes, and develop multimodal transportation. An exchange of information, mutual recognition of supervision and assistance in law enforcement will be achieved among coastal border clearance and port management departments. Special methods and policies will be implemented at key borders, and in bordering cities and economic cooperation zones to promote personnel exchanges, logistics and tourism. Financial institutions focusing on development will be established to accelerate infrastructural connections among neighboring countries and regions.
八、加強社會主義民主政治制度建設
VIII—Political system
堅持和完善人民代表大會制度、中國共產黨領導的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度、民族區(qū)域自治制度以及基層群眾自治制度。
Efforts are to be made to uphold and improve the People's Congress system, the CPC-led multi-party cooperative system and political consultative system, the system of autonomous government in ethnic areas, and the system of grassroots-level mass autonomous government.
27. 推動人民代表大會制度與時俱進。提高立法質量，防止地方保護和部門利益法制化。加強人大預算決算審查監(jiān)督、國有資產監(jiān)督職能。各級政府重大決策出臺前向本級人大報告。
27. Push forward the system of people's congresses to keep up with the times. The quality of legislation should be improved to prevent local protectionism and prevent some departments from legalizing their interests. People's congresses should provide more supervision of the government's financial budget and State-owned assets. Governments at all levels must report to the local people's congresses before adopting important policies.
28. 推進協(xié)商民主廣泛多層制度化發(fā)展。加強中國特色新型智庫建設，建立健全決策咨詢制度。鞏固和發(fā)展平等團結互助和諧的社會主義民族關系。各級黨委和政府就一些重要決策聽取政協(xié)意見。
28. Push forward the multi-layer development of the consultative democracy system. Enhance the construction of new types of think tanks with Chinese characteristics. Promote a consultative policy system. Strengthen and develop equal, unified and harmonious ethnic relationships. Governments should seek advice from the local Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference before making important decisions.
29. 發(fā)展基層民主。健全基層選舉、議事、公開、述職、問責等機制。建立健全居民、村民監(jiān)督機制。健全以職工代表大會為基本形式的企事業(yè)單位民主管理制度。
29. Develop grassroots democracy. Improve the system of grassroots election, discussion, publicity and responsibility. Improve supervision by urban residents and villagers. Improve the democratic management system, such as the workers' representative conferences, in companies and government institutions.
