求職時(shí)如何合理解釋失業(yè)經(jīng)歷

求職時(shí)如何合理解釋失業(yè)經(jīng)歷

Dear Annie:After almost 30 years in commercial banking, I took an early-retirement package during all the layoffs that went on in early 2009. It seemed like a good move at the time, but now I find I really miss working, and, since I'm still only in my early 50s, I've got at least another decade ahead in which to use my skills and experience. The problem is that five-year hole in my work history. I've spent the time taking some classes, doing a couple of consulting projects, and volunteering to help two local non-profits straighten out their finances. But my resume still shows no "real job" for those years, and the few employers I've met with recently have seemed to hold that against me. Do you and your readers have any suggestions on how to handle this? -- Minding the Gap

親愛(ài)的安妮：我曾經(jīng)在商業(yè)銀行工作過(guò)30年。2009年初的裁員潮中，我接受了一筆提前退休金之后就退休了。當(dāng)時(shí)，這似乎是很好的選擇，但現(xiàn)在我發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己非常懷念工作的時(shí)光。而且，我剛過(guò)50歲，至少還能用我的能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)工作十年。問(wèn)題在于，我的履歷中將會(huì)出現(xiàn)五年空白期。雖然這段時(shí)間我學(xué)習(xí)了一些課程，參加了幾個(gè)咨詢(xún)項(xiàng)目，還作為志愿者幫助當(dāng)?shù)貎杉曳怯麢C(jī)構(gòu)解決了財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題。但這些年的經(jīng)歷在簡(jiǎn)歷上仍不算是“真正的工作”，我最近見(jiàn)過(guò)的雇主大多也拿這個(gè)來(lái)反對(duì)我。我該怎么辦?您和您的讀者有什么建議?——M.G.

Dear M.G.:Cold comfort though it may be, the number of long-term unemployed in the U.S. (defined as those out of work for six months or longer) seems stuck at about 3 million, so you can't be the only one wondering. The first step in overcoming the stigma attached to that gap is one you may already be taking: Bring it up yourself, rather than waiting for interviewers to ask.

親愛(ài)的M.G.：美國(guó)長(zhǎng)期失業(yè)人口(指失業(yè)達(dá)六個(gè)月或更長(zhǎng)的人)似乎達(dá)到了300萬(wàn)人，所以你肯定不是唯一一個(gè)在思考這個(gè)問(wèn)題的人，雖然這個(gè)事實(shí)可能起不到任何安慰的作用。而要克服履歷空白期這一劣勢(shì)，第一步是：自己主動(dòng)提出，而不是等面試官問(wèn)起。你可能已經(jīng)做到了這一點(diǎn)。

"Confront it," advises Patty Prosser, CEO of HR and talent-management consultants OI Global Partners. "Bring that hiatus up right at the start of the conversation, and enumerate all the things you've been doing to keep your knowledge and skills current. The more specific real-life examples you can provide, and the more closely they align with the job you're seeking, the better."

人力資源與人才管理咨詢(xún)公司OI Global Partners的CEO帕蒂•普羅瑟建議：“面對(duì)事實(shí)。在對(duì)話(huà)開(kāi)始的時(shí)候就主動(dòng)提出這段空白，同時(shí)詳細(xì)說(shuō)明為了讓自己的知識(shí)和能力一直保持在最佳狀態(tài)，你都做過(guò)哪些事情。你能夠提供的現(xiàn)實(shí)事例越具體，與你申請(qǐng)的工作的關(guān)系越密切，效果就越好。”

Your volunteer experience may be especially relevant to finance jobs you're applying for, but Prosser has seen plenty of job candidates downplay their unpaid achievements, or even neglect to mention them at all. "Making an impact in a volunteer organization often takes a very special set of 'people' skills that for-profit employers really value, so talk about that," she says. "Even if you 'only' led a band-parents' fundraiser at a child's school, for example, our career coaches would encourage you to tell how you got people engaged and what the outcome was."

你的志愿者經(jīng)歷與你正在申請(qǐng)的財(cái)務(wù)工作尤為相關(guān)，但普羅瑟見(jiàn)過(guò)許多求職者，他們對(duì)作為志愿者所取得的成就，要么輕描淡寫(xiě)，要么只字不提。她說(shuō)：“在志愿者組織中產(chǎn)生影響，往往需要非常特殊的‘與人相關(guān)的’能力，而這些能力正是經(jīng)營(yíng)性公司雇主真正看重的東西。所以，不妨談?wù)勥@些方面。即便你只是在孩子的學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)家長(zhǎng)團(tuán)體的一項(xiàng)資金籌集活動(dòng)，我們的職業(yè)教練也會(huì)鼓勵(lì)你談?wù)撘幌氯绾巫屓藗儏⑴c其中，最后取得了怎樣的成就等。”

The consulting projects you worked on probably helped keep you sharp, so talking about those is a good idea, too. Briefly describe any new skills you picked up and the results you accomplished -- and don't be surprised if those temporary gigs lead to an offer of another short-term project at a company where you're job-hunting. "A growing number of employers prefer to bring on new hires on a contract basis before deciding whether to hire them full-time," Prosser observes.

你參與的咨詢(xún)項(xiàng)目也能幫你保持敏銳度，所以談?wù)勥@些經(jīng)歷也是不錯(cuò)的選擇。簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下你學(xué)到了哪些新技能，實(shí)現(xiàn)了什么樣的成果。如果你求職的公司因?yàn)檫@些臨時(shí)工作給了你一份短期項(xiàng)目的工作邀請(qǐng)，不必大驚小怪。普羅瑟說(shuō)：“越來(lái)越多的雇主在決定是否作為全職員工聘用求職者之前，更喜歡先提供合同制的崗位。”

Ford R. Myers, an executive career coach and author of Get the Job You Want, Even When No One's Hiring, agrees that tackling the issue head-on -- as opposed, he says, to "just hoping they won't notice" -- is your best bet. "Be forthright about it," he says. "Explain your early-retirement decision to interviewers in a professional, unapologetic way."

高管職業(yè)導(dǎo)師、《絕處逢生——怎樣在崗位荒中找到理想的工作》(Get the Job You Want, Even When No One's Hiring)一書(shū)的作者福特•R•梅爾斯同意，最好的做法是直面這個(gè)問(wèn)題，而不是“寄希望于人們注意不到它”。他說(shuō)：“直截了當(dāng)?shù)靥岢鰜?lái)。以專(zhuān)業(yè)、毫不后悔的方式，向面試官解釋當(dāng)初提前退休的決定。”

At the same time, Myers suggests a few ways to make your five years between "real jobs" less conspicuous on paper. First, if you haven't already done so, rewrite your resume using a functional format that groups all your past work together under different headings according to what you actually did ("Accounting," "Management," and so on), rather than when you did it. This "highlights your functional strengths, instead of focusing on dates of employment," he says.

與此同時(shí)，梅爾斯提供了五種方式，讓“真正工作”之間的五年空白在簡(jiǎn)歷上看起來(lái)沒(méi)有那么扎眼。首先，如果你還沒(méi)有這么做，不妨使用按工作職能劃分的模式重寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)歷，以自己實(shí)際做過(guò)的工作作為小標(biāo)題，而不是從事這些工作的時(shí)間。他表示，這樣做“可以突出你的職能優(yōu)勢(shì)，而不是把重點(diǎn)放在就業(yè)日期上。”

Since hiring managers skim most resumes (with or without chronological gaps) for no more than 10 seconds, Myers also urges that yours be as specific as you can make it. "Quantify everything you can, including retention rates, sales numbers, performance increase, and the number of people or projects you've managed," he advises. "Wherever possible, use percentages, hard numbers, and dollar figures."

有些招聘經(jīng)理瀏覽大多數(shù)簡(jiǎn)歷的時(shí)間不超過(guò)10秒鐘(不論是否有空)，所以，梅爾斯還建議簡(jiǎn)歷一定要盡量具體。他建議：“盡量把所有內(nèi)容進(jìn)行量化，包括人才保留率、銷(xiāo)售數(shù)字、績(jī)效提高，以及自己管理的人員或項(xiàng)目的數(shù)量等。如果可能的話(huà)，使用百分比、硬數(shù)據(jù)和美元數(shù)字。”

Active verbs help too, he adds: "Words like 'create,' 'launch,' 'initiate,' 'devise,' and 'conduct' have a lot more impact than vague phrases such as 'responsible for.'"

他補(bǔ)充道，一些積極的動(dòng)詞也會(huì)有所幫助。“比如‘創(chuàng)造’‘首創(chuàng)’、‘發(fā)起’‘策劃’和‘實(shí)施’等動(dòng)詞，比‘負(fù)責(zé)’等模糊的短語(yǔ)更有效。”

Try not to get discouraged if your job hunt takes a while, Myers adds. "Some employers will be open-minded and won't see your five-year gap as an obstacle to hiring you," he notes. "There will be others, however, who reject you purely on the basis of that gap. You need to expect this, and try not to take it personally." Or, as a health care executive Patty Prosser met with recently put it, keep in mind that "if you were smart five years ago, you're still smart now" -- or maybe even smarter. Good luck.

梅爾斯表示，如果你的求職過(guò)程需要花費(fèi)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，不要灰心。他說(shuō)：“有的雇主非常開(kāi)明，他們不會(huì)把你五年的空白期視為聘用你的障礙。但也有人會(huì)因?yàn)檫@段空白期而拒絕聘用你。你要做好這樣的心理準(zhǔn)備，不要把它當(dāng)作針對(duì)你個(gè)人的行為。”或者，正如帕蒂•普羅瑟最近遇到的一位醫(yī)療行業(yè)高管所說(shuō)，記住“如果你五年前是聰明人，五年后依然是聰明人”——甚至更聰明。祝你好運(yùn)。