海南允許個(gè)人開(kāi)發(fā)無(wú)人海島 成為“島主”不再是夢(mèng)

Wuzhizhou Island, off the coast of Sanya, Hainan province, is now a popular tourist attraction in the tropical paradise. [Photo by Xing Guangli/Xinhua]

The regulation requires any entity or individual wanting to develop uninhabited islands to first submit an application, development plans and project appraisal reports to the ocean authorities for review and approval.

單位或個(gè)人申請(qǐng)開(kāi)發(fā)利用無(wú)居民海島，應(yīng)向省級(jí)海洋行政主管部門(mén)提出申請(qǐng)，并提交無(wú)居民海島開(kāi)發(fā)利用申請(qǐng)書(shū)、具體方案和項(xiàng)目論證報(bào)告。

海南省要求，編制無(wú)居民海島(uninhabited islands)開(kāi)發(fā)利用具體方案應(yīng)依據(jù)有關(guān)法律法規(guī)、規(guī)劃、技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范(in line with requirements of the central and provincial governments to cultivate ocean ecology)，合理確定用島面積、用島方式和布局、開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度等，集約節(jié)約利用海島資源;合理確定建筑物、設(shè)施的建設(shè)總量、高度以及與海岸線的距離(the heights of buildings and facilities, as well as their distance from the coastline should be reasonable)，并實(shí)行海島保護(hù)措施，建立海島生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)站(點(diǎn))(monitoring stations)，防止廢水、廢氣、廢渣、粉塵、放射性物質(zhì)等對(duì)海島及其周邊海域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成破壞(wastewater, gas, residue, dust and radioactive substances must not damage the ecosystems of the islands and their surrounding waters)。

辦法明確，無(wú)居民海島開(kāi)發(fā)利用的最高期限，參照海域使用權(quán)的有關(guān)規(guī)定執(zhí)行：

The regulation sets a limit of 15 years for aquaculture uses, 25 years for tourism and entertainment, 30 years for salt and mining industries, 40 years for public welfare purposes and 50 years for ports, shipyards and other construction projects.

養(yǎng)殖用島十五年;旅游、娛樂(lè)用島二十五年;鹽業(yè)、礦業(yè)用島三十年;公益事業(yè)用島四十年;港口、修造船廠等建設(shè)工程用島五十年。

辦法稱(chēng)，無(wú)居民海島開(kāi)發(fā)利用期限屆滿(mǎn)，用島單位或個(gè)人需要繼續(xù)開(kāi)發(fā)利用的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在期限屆滿(mǎn)兩個(gè)月前向海南省人民政府申請(qǐng)續(xù)期(apply for renewal)。準(zhǔn)予續(xù)期的，用島單位或個(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)依法繳納續(xù)期的無(wú)居民海島使用金(pay the lease fee)。未申請(qǐng)續(xù)期或申請(qǐng)續(xù)期未獲批準(zhǔn)的，無(wú)居民海島開(kāi)發(fā)利用終止。

【背景知識(shí)】

2010年3月1日，中國(guó)《海島保護(hù)法(Island Protection Law of the People's Republic of China)》出臺(tái)，明確規(guī)定無(wú)居民海島(uninhabited islands)屬?lài)?guó)家所有，由國(guó)務(wù)院代表國(guó)家行使無(wú)居民海島所有權(quán)(uninhabited islands belong to the state, and the State Council shall exercise the ownership of uninhabited islands on behalf of the state)，凡是無(wú)居民海島開(kāi)發(fā)利用，都必須報(bào)經(jīng)省級(jí)人民政府或者國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)并取得海島使用權(quán)、繳納海島使用金。

2011年4月12日，中國(guó)公布首批無(wú)居民海島開(kāi)發(fā)名錄，這些無(wú)居民海島最長(zhǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)使用年限為50年。