美國(guó)財(cái)政部取消對(duì)中國(guó)“匯率操縱國(guó)”的認(rèn)定

圖片來源：東方IC

In its semiannual Report on Macroeconomic and Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of the United States, the Treasury Department said no major US trading partner at this time met the relevant legislative criteria for currency manipulation.

美國(guó)財(cái)政部發(fā)布的《主要貿(mào)易伙伴的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)和外匯政策》半年報(bào)告指出，目前，美國(guó)主要的貿(mào)易伙伴中，無一符合匯率操縱國(guó)法定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

根據(jù)美國(guó)對(duì)“匯率操縱國(guó)(currency manipulator)”最新的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，當(dāng)一國(guó)在過去四個(gè)季度滿足以下三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)會(huì)被認(rèn)定為“匯率操縱國(guó)”：1.對(duì)美國(guó)貿(mào)易順差超過200億美元(a bilateral trade surplus of $20 billion or more with the US);2.經(jīng)常賬戶順差占GDP比重超過2%(a current account surplus of 2 percent or more of its gross domestic product);3.單邊匯率干預(yù)持續(xù)時(shí)長(zhǎng)超過6個(gè)月(one-sided intervention in foreign exchange markets for more than 6 months)。

如果一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體滿足三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，則被認(rèn)定為“匯率操縱國(guó)”;如果只滿足兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，會(huì)被列入觀察名單(monitoring list);如果只滿足第一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但該經(jīng)濟(jì)體對(duì)美國(guó)的總體貿(mào)易逆差貢獻(xiàn)較大，也可能被列入觀察名單。

美國(guó)財(cái)政部去年8月宣布將中國(guó)列為“匯率操縱國(guó)”，遭到中方、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界和權(quán)威國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)的普遍反對(duì)。

Mark Sobel, US chairman of the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum, an independent think tank, said on Twitter that this is "good news," calling the designation "blatant" and "errant" political act. "China shouldn't have been designated to start with," said Sobel, who was served as deputy assistant secretary at the US Treasury Department. He noted China's current account surplus is small as a share of GDP, and there is "scant intervention."

前美國(guó)財(cái)政部官員、官方貨幣與金融機(jī)構(gòu)論壇主席馬克·索貝爾在推特上表示，美國(guó)財(cái)政部此舉是“好消息”，中國(guó)從一開始就不應(yīng)被認(rèn)定為“匯率操縱國(guó)”，中國(guó)經(jīng)常賬戶順差占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比重較小，幾乎不構(gòu)成干涉，美國(guó)政府此前的認(rèn)定是“錯(cuò)誤的政治行為”。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

國(guó)際儲(chǔ)備貨幣 global reserve currency

結(jié)算貨幣 settlement currency

匯率微調(diào) rate fine-tuning

估值偏低貨幣 undervalued currency