金融英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ) 32.The History

[00:00.00]New Words [00:00.82]新單詞 [00:01.65]Babylon n. [00:02.32]巴比倫(古代巴比倫王國(guó)首都) [00:03.00]temple n. [00:03.59]廟宇，專供某種活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所 [00:04.18](the) Renaissance n. [00:05.02]文藝復(fù)興， [00:05.85]ancient adj. [00:06.52]古代的 [00:07.18]Greece n. [00:07.85]希臘 [00:08.52]breakup n. [00:09.23]分裂，崩潰 [00:09.95]decline n. [00:10.64]下降，衰落 [00:11.34]usury n. [00:11.96]高利貸，高利 [00:12.59]illegal adj. [00:13.23]不合法的;非法的 [00:13.87]Belgium n. [00:14.56]比利時(shí) [00:15.26]function n. [00:15.84]功能，作用 [00:16.43]complex adj. [00:17.20]復(fù)雜的 [00:17.97]especially adv. [00:18.66]特別地 [00:19.36]expand v. [00:20.13]擴(kuò)大 [00:20.90]partially adv. [00:21.54]部分地 [00:22.18]Venice n. [00:22.94]威尼斯(意大利港市) [00:23.69]semi-public adj. [00:24.53]半公立的 [00:25.36]Phrases & Expressions [00:27.53]Roman Empire [00:28.36]羅馬帝國(guó) [00:29.18]emerge from [00:30.11]出現(xiàn)，冒出 [00:31.03]feudal system [00:31.86]封建體制 [00:32.68]Middle Ages [00:33.50]中世紀(jì) [00:34.32]bill of exchange [00:35.21]匯票 [00:36.10]regulatory function [00:37.33]常規(guī)作用 [00:38.56]Z:Good afternoon! [00:39.30]張：下午好! [00:40.05]A:Good afternoon! [00:40.84]全體：下午好! [00:41.64]Z:Today I'll introduce something about the history of banking in the west. [00:44.41]張：今天我要講點(diǎn)西方銀行史。 [00:47.18]Well, that's very interesting, the earliest banks started in Babylon almost 4 000 years ago. [00:50.63]這是很有意思的，最早的銀行大約是四千年前在巴比倫建立的。 [00:54.07]They were really temples which collected deposits and made loans. [00:56.41]實(shí)際上，那些銀行只是一種收集存款并進(jìn)行的放款的場(chǎng)所。 [00:58.75]S1:I see, but I had always thought that banking started during the Renaissance in Europe. [01:01.44]學(xué)1：我明白了，但我原來(lái)一直以為銀行業(yè)務(wù)始于歐洲文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期。 [01:04.13]N:No, it was much earlier than that. Then, there were banks in ancient Greece and Rome, too. [01:07.20]周：不，比那個(gè)時(shí)期早多了。古希臘和羅馬都有許多銀行， [01:10.27]It wasn't until the breakup of the Roman Empire and the decline in trade and commercial transactions that banking lost its previous importance. [01:15.47]直到羅馬帝崩潰和商貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)的衰落，銀行業(yè)才失去了它以往的重要性。 [01:20.67]S2:What about the laws against usury during the Middle Ages? [01:22.73]學(xué)2：中世紀(jì)時(shí)，放禁止放高利貸是怎么回事? [01:24.79]Didn't such laws make it illegal to charge interest on loans? [01:26.75]這些法律沒(méi)有規(guī)定貸款收取利息是非法的嗎? [01:28.71]Z:Yes, they did, but these laws were gradually changed during the 14th and 15th centuries and banking functions started appearing again in Italy and Belgium and later in France, [01:34.79]周：是的，規(guī)定了，但是這些法律在14，15世紀(jì)時(shí)逐步地改變了，銀行的作用又在意大利和比利時(shí)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)，后來(lái)又在法國(guó)， [01:40.86]Germany and England. [01:41.90]德國(guó)和英國(guó)。 [01:42.95]S3:So we can really say that banking restarted during the Renaissance. [01:45.65]學(xué)3：所以實(shí)際上我們可以說(shuō)，銀行業(yè)在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期又重新開(kāi)始了。 [01:48.36]Z:You are right. We can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period. [01:51.90]張：對(duì)的。顯而易見(jiàn)，銀行的發(fā)展正是出于那個(gè)時(shí)期的需要。當(dāng)歐洲從中世紀(jì)封建制度的禁錮中掙脫出來(lái)時(shí)， [01:55.44]Commercial and financial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages. [02:00.67]商業(yè)和金融交易再一次開(kāi)始變得復(fù)雜起來(lái)了。 [02:05.91]S4:Could you tell us more in detail? [02:07.19]學(xué)4：您能說(shuō)得再具體些嗎? [02:08.47]Z:Yeah. For one thing, many banks started that way, especially in France and England, [02:11.84]周：是的。一方面很多銀行就是這樣興起的，特別是在法國(guó)和英國(guó)。 [02:15.21]but they gradually expanded their activities to handling deposits and loans, [02:17.93]可是他們逐漸地?cái)U(kuò)展他們的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)，發(fā)展到從事儲(chǔ)蓄，貸款， [02:20.64]issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes; [02:23.67]發(fā)行和買賣匯票，甚至發(fā)行他們自己的貨幣。 [02:26.70]for another thing, they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks. [02:30.64]另一方面他們開(kāi)始建立起部分儲(chǔ)備制度，而這一點(diǎn)正是現(xiàn)代銀行的主要特征。 [02:34.57]S5:When did the idea of central banks get started? [02:36.64]學(xué)5：建立中央銀行的想法是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的? [02:38.72]Z:Well, the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587. [02:43.41]張：哦，第一個(gè)由國(guó)家政府部分擁有和控制的銀行是1587年在威尼斯建立起來(lái)的。 [02:48.10]Then, the bank of England appeared. We could call them semi-public. [02:51.06]后來(lái)英格蘭銀行出現(xiàn)。我們稱這種銀行為半公立銀行。 [02:54.03]As a matter of fact, the central banks with specific regulatory functions were created in the middle of 19th century. OK, we call it a day. [03:00.35]事實(shí)上在19世紀(jì)中葉具有明確常規(guī)作用的中央銀行已建立起來(lái)。好吧!下課。 [03:06.67]A:Good-bye! [03:07.17]全：再見(jiàn)!

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