史上第3位諾貝爾物理獎女性獲獎演講

Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Your excellencies

尊敬的陛下 諸位位殿下及閣下

Dear laureates

親愛的各位獲獎者

Ladies and gentlemen

女士們 先生們

It is my honor to represent the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018

我很榮幸能夠代表2018年諾貝爾物理學獎的得主們來發(fā)表演講

and speak on behalf of Arthur Ashkin and Gerard Mourou

他們是我最尊敬的同事 阿瑟·阿什金和熱拉爾·穆魯

my esteemed colleagues with whom I share the prize

我和他們共同分享這一獎項

Arthur Ashkin can one-half of it this year

阿瑟·阿什金獲得了今年物理學獎金的一半

and so he should be the one giving this speech

所以他才是應該來發(fā)表這個演講的人

Unfortunately he could not join us for this incredible celebration

但遺憾的是 他無法參加這場激動人心的慶祝活動

Gerard and I want to add our congratulations to Arthur for his remarkable invention of laser tweezers

熱拉爾和我想對阿瑟的卓越發(fā)明 即激光鑷子 表示熱烈的祝賀

that can trap living cells and wind up molecular motors

它的作用是捕獲活細胞 并使分子馬達運轉起來

We wish Arthur could be here

我們都很希望今天阿瑟能在現(xiàn)場

As has been pointed out I joined Marie Curie and Maria Goeppert-Mayer

如所指出的那樣 我是居里夫人和瑪麗亞·格佩特-梅耶之后

as the only women to win this prize

第三個獲得諾貝爾物理學獎的女性

I am humbled to be in their company

能夠加入她們的隊列中實在是受寵若驚

Marie Curie is in a class all her own as the first female winner

居里夫人是獨樹一幟的 她是有史以來第一位女性獲獎者

and still the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different science categories

也是迄今為止唯一一個在兩個不同的科學領域都獲得過諾貝爾獎的人

An astounding scientist

她是一位令人所有人震驚的科學家

For her PhD Maria Goeppert-Mayer absolutely--

瑪麗亞·格佩特-梅耶在她的博士生涯中--

Maria Goeppert-Mayer a theoretical physicist came up with the idea of multi photon physics

瑪麗亞是位理論物理學家 她提出了多光子物理學的概念

that means an atom absorbs two or more photons simultaneously

意思是一個原子可以同時吸收兩個或更多的光子

She made the prediction without any experimental evidence

她在沒有任何實驗證據(jù)的情況下做出了這個預測

and in fact it would be another 30 years before I didn't want to observe the effect

事實上 再過30年我就不想觀察這個效果了

I cited her theory in my PhD thesis more than fifty years later

在她獲獎的50多年后 我在自己的博士論文中引用了她的理論

And as for me

至于我個人的經歷

When I was in grad school working on the project for which Gerard and I are being honored

當我還在研究院和熱拉爾一起 進行著我們都很自豪的項目時

Cyndi Lauper had a big hit

那個時候 辛迪·勞帕大受歡迎

"Girls just want to have fun"

她說過一句話 “女孩子們只想要玩得開心”

but they wanted to wait until the working day is done

但她們想等到工作日結束后才去享受狂歡

but I want to have fun while I'm working

我不一樣 我想在工作的時候就從中感受到樂趣

Now not everyone thinks physics is fun

如今不是所有人都認為 物理是有趣的

but I do

但我確實認為它很有趣

I think experimental physics is especially fun

特別是實驗物理學

because not only do you get to solve puzzles about the universe or here on earth

因為你不僅能解開遙遠的宇宙或是近在咫尺的地球上的謎團

There are really cool toys in the lab

還能使用實驗室里那些超級酷炫的玩具

In my case I get to play with high intensity lasers that can do magical things

以我自己為例 我可以玩高強度激光 這種激光能實現(xiàn)很神奇的事情

like take one color of laser light and turn it into a rainbow of colors

比如我們可以取一種顏色的激光 然后把它變成彩虹的顏色

Just one of the amazing things we get to see in our laser labs

這只是我們在激光實驗室里能看到的令人驚嘆的事情之一

Gerard Mourou, who was my PhD supervisor

熱拉爾·穆魯是我的博士生導師

dreamed up the idea of increasing laser intensity by orders of magnitude

他提出了將激光強度提高幾個數(shù)量級的主意

He did it while he was on a ski trip with his family

他是在和家人去滑雪旅行的時候 想出這個點子的

He probably shouldn't have been thinking about lasers

他不應該在那種時候還想著激光

He just couldn't help himself

但他就是忍不住

It was my job to take sure our beautiful idea and make it a reality

我的工作是確保我們美好的想法能夠成為現(xiàn)實

I built a pulse stretcher, then a laser amplifier

為此我做了一個脈沖拉伸器 然后是激光放大器

and then finally a pulse compressor

最終 我做出了一個脈沖壓縮機

To do so, I had to learn to cleave optical fiber, machine, a lot of parts, do a lot of plumbing

為此 我必須學會如何切割光纖 機器及其零件 做很多的管道工作

Are you feeling the fun?

你們能感受到這其中的樂趣嗎?

I had to measure the pulse durations and the frequency spectrum

我必須測量脈沖的持續(xù)時間和頻譜

Not all of the measurements show what we expected

不是所有的測量結果都是我們期望所得到的

We had to figure out the problems and then away around them

我們需要找出這其中的問題 然后避免再次出現(xiàn)同樣的錯誤

That was the fun part

而這就是最有趣的部分

That all took about a year then it was finally time to measure the duration of the compressed amplified pulses

花了大約一年的時間 我們才終于能去測量壓縮放大脈沖的持續(xù)時間

and I had no way to measure it

但我找不到辦法去測量它

Steve Williamson my colleague had the way

我的同事史蒂夫·威廉姆森找到了方法

and he wheeled history camera into my lab one night

一天晚上 他把成像儀推進了我的實驗室

and together we measured the compressed pulse width of the amplified pulses

我們一起測量了放大脈沖的壓縮脈沖寬度

I will never forget that night

我永遠都忘不了那個夜晚

It is truly an amazing feeling when you know that you have built something that no one else ever has

當你知道你做出了別人從未實現(xiàn)的東西時 那種感覺真的超級棒

and it actually works

并且它真的成功了

There really is no excitement quite like it

我想再也沒有哪個時刻比它更令我感到激動了

except for maybe getting woken up at 5:00 in the morning

當然 除了早上5點被吵醒

because the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences also thinks

然后瑞典皇家科學院通知我得獎了的那一刻

it was an exciting moment for the field of laser physics

他們也認為 對于激光物理學來說 這的確是個激動人心的時刻

So on behalf of Arthur Ashkin, Gerard Mourou and me

所以在此我代表 阿瑟·阿什金 熱拉爾·穆魯和我自己

Thank you to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the Nobel foundation

感謝瑞典皇家科學院和諾貝爾基金會

for honoring us and laser physics with this Nobel Prize

感謝你們授予我們和激光物理學科這個諾貝爾獎