始記篇 NO.3:
一曰道,二曰天,三曰地,四曰將,五曰法。
道者,令民于上同意,可與之死,可與之生,而不畏危也。
天者,陰陽、寒暑、時制也。
地者,高下,遠近、險易、廣狹、死生也。
將者,智、信、仁、勇、嚴也。
法者,曲制、官道、主用也。
凡此五者,將莫不聞,知之者勝,不知之者不勝。
這句啥意思:
一是道,二是天,三是地,四是將,五是法。
道,指君主和民眾目標(biāo)相同,意志統(tǒng)一,可以同生共死,而不會懼怕危險。
天,指晝夜、陰晴、寒暑、四季更替。
地,指地勢的高低,路程的遠近,地勢的險要、平坦與否,戰(zhàn)場的廣闊、狹窄,是生地還是死地等地理條件。
將,指將領(lǐng)足智多謀,賞罰有信,對部下真心關(guān)愛,勇敢果斷,軍紀嚴明。
法,指組織結(jié)構(gòu),責(zé)權(quán)劃分,人員編制,管理制度,資源保障,物資調(diào)配。
對這五個方面,將領(lǐng)都不能不做深刻了解。了解就能勝利,否則就不能勝利。
英文這么說:
These are:The Moral Law; Heaven; Earth; The Commander; Method and discipline.
The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so that they willfollow him regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger.
Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat,times and seasons.
Earth comprises distances, great and small;danger and security; open ground and narrowpasses;the chances of life and death.
The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom,sincerely, benevolence, courage andstrictness.
By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its propersubdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by whichsupplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure.
These five heads should be familiar to every general:he who knows them will be victorious; hewho knows them not will fail.
關(guān)于《道天地將法》
所謂“道”,就是從政治上使民眾與君主的思想一致,這樣,民眾就能與君主同生死共患難,誓死效命,毫無二心;所謂“天”,就是氣候的陰晴、寒暑、四季節(jié)令的更替規(guī)律等;所謂“地”,就是指行程的遠近、地勢的險峻和或平易,戰(zhàn)地的廣狹,是死地還是生地等;所謂“將”,就是看將領(lǐng)們是否具備智、信、仁、勇、嚴五種素質(zhì);所謂“法”,就是指部隊的組織編制制度,軍官的職責(zé)范圍規(guī)定,軍需物資的供應(yīng)管理制度等。