孫子兵法 The Art of War 中英文對照 （12）

行軍第九

IX. The Army on the March

孫子曰：凡處軍相敵，絕山依谷，

Sun Tzu said: We come now to the question of encamping the army, and observing signs of the enemy. Pass quickly over mountains, and keep in the neighborhood of valleys.

視生處高，戰(zhàn)隆無登，此處山之軍也。

Camp in high places, facing the sun. Do not climb heights in order to fight. So much for mountain warfare.

絕水必遠(yuǎn)水，

After crossing a river, you should get far away from it.

客絕水而來，勿迎之于水內(nèi)，令半渡而擊之利，

When an invading force crosses a river in its onward march, do not advance to meet it in mid-stream. It will be best to let half the army get across, and then deliver your attack.

欲戰(zhàn)者，無附于水而迎客，

If you are anxious to fight, you should not go to meet the invader near a river which he has to cross.

視生處高，無迎水流，此處水上之軍也。

Moor your craft higher up than the enemy, and facing the sun. Do not move up-stream to meet the enemy. So much for river warfare.

絕斥澤，唯亟去無留，

In crossing salt-marshes, your sole concern should be to get over them quickly, without any delay.

若交軍于斥澤之中，必依水草而背眾樹，此處斥澤之軍也。

If forced to fight in a salt-marsh, you should have water and grass near you, and get your back to a clump of trees. So much for operations in salt-marches.

平陸處易，右背高，前死后生，此處平陸之軍也。

In dry, level country, take up an easily accessible position with rising ground to your right and on your rear, so that the danger may be in front, and safety lie behind. So much for campaigning in flat country.

凡此四軍之利，黃帝之所以勝四帝也。

These are the four useful branches of military knowledge which enabled the Yellow Emperor to vanquish four several sovereigns.

凡軍好高而惡下，貴陽而賤陰，

All armies prefer high ground to low and sunny places to dark.

養(yǎng)生而處實，軍無百疾，是謂必勝。

If you are careful of your men, and camp on hard ground, the army will be free from disease of every kind, and this will spell victory.

丘陵堤防，必處其陽而右背之，此兵之利，地之助也。

When you come to a hill or a bank, occupy the sunny side, with the slope on your right rear. Thus you will at once act for the benefit of your soldiers and utilize the natural advantages of the ground.

上雨水流至，欲涉者，待其定也。

When, in consequence of heavy rains up-country, a river which you wish to ford is swollen and flecked with foam, you must wait until it subsides.

凡地有絕澗、天井、天牢、天羅、天陷、天隙，必亟去之，勿近也。

Country in which there are precipitous cliffs with torrents running between, deep natural hollows, confined places, tangled thickets, quagmires and crevasses, should be left with all possible speed and not approached.

吾遠(yuǎn)之，敵近之;吾迎之，敵背之。

While we keep away from such places, we should get the enemy to approach them; while we face them, we should let the enemy have them on his rear.

軍旁有險阻、潢井、蒹葭、小林、□①薈者，必謹(jǐn)覆索之，此伏奸之所處也。