a. Full attention has been paid by the municipal government to the improvement of the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants.
b. The municipal government has paid full attention to the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants.
兩個譯文選詞相同,而且都運用了短語pay attention to,但在主語的選擇和語序的安排上有區(qū)別。根據(jù)英語語法規(guī)范,選擇attention做主語的譯文a采用了被動語態(tài),而選擇The municipal government做主語的譯文b采用了主動語態(tài)。由于英語是主語顯著語言,做主語的詞語往往代表句中最重要的信息,因此,相比之下,譯文b語氣較平淡,譯文a語氣較強,所以它更貼近原文。值得注意的是,有些學生將pay attention to短語用于被動語態(tài)時,常常會錯誤地構(gòu)句為:The housing conditions of the urban inhabitants has been paid full attention to by the municipal government.此類錯誤應該避免。
(21)液體的形狀總是隨著容器的變化而變化,因為液體沒有自己的固定形狀。換言之,無論你把它放在什么樣的容器中,它的形狀總是和容器內(nèi)壁的形狀完全一樣。
Since a liquid has no definition shape of its own, it varies in shape from container to container. In other words, in whatever container it is poured, the liquid will take exactly the interior shape of the container.
譯文和原文一樣含兩個主從復合句。遵照英語句法對主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)的要求,謂語分別譯為第三人稱單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在時的has和varies、一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)的is poured和將來時態(tài)的will take。另外值得一提的是,原文的主句和從句中,主語分別為“形狀”、“液體”、“你”和“形狀”。譯者沒有死摳原文,譯文中統(tǒng)統(tǒng)以a liquid、the liquid及其代詞it作主語。結(jié)果,譯文邏輯清晰明了,語篇銜接連貫,句子自然順暢,效果良好。