漢譯英的“八戒”（3）

　　六、戒“愚忠”，不諳增減之道

　　我們耳熟能詳?shù)臇|西外國人可能會(huì)感到一頭霧水，譯者需要增加必要的說明和補(bǔ)充或者減譯。否則，外國人會(huì)不知所云。畢竟，漢譯英最終是給外國人看的。

　　例如：風(fēng)水

　　fengshui——the location of a house or tomb, supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family.

　　七、戒語句重復(fù)

　　漢語多重復(fù)，以強(qiáng)化語氣;英語則要盡量避免重復(fù)。

　　王曰：“此鳥不飛則已，一飛沖天;不鳴則已，一鳴驚人。”

　　“The bird may not have flown yet”, replied the King, “Once it does, it will soar to the sky. I may not have cried out yet, but once it does, it will startle everyone.”(楊憲益譯《史記-滑稽列傳》)

　　中國人也好，外國人也好，死人也好，活人也好，對(duì)的就是對(duì)的，不對(duì)的就是不對(duì)的。

　　What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong, no matter what it concerns, the Chinese or foreigners, the dead or the living.

　　八、戒另起爐灶，走失精氣神

　　譯文要力求其“信”，盡可能契合漢語原來句子的氣勢(shì)、情緒和結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　例如，元朝人王實(shí)甫寫下了《西廂記》，張雪靜改編后并作了翻譯——

　　掏出張生那封信，回頭環(huán)視見梳妝臺(tái)上的梳妝盒，眼睛一轉(zhuǎn)，心里說有了，將信放了進(jìn)去，合上蓋時(shí)故意壓了一角露在外面。

　　Rose took out Zhang's letter, she thought, “It would be better to put it in her make-up case, and letter find it herself.” So she put the letter in the case, leaving a corner of it sticking out, so that it would be quickly noticed.

　　不難看出，譯文與原文相去甚遠(yuǎn)，互不吻合，成了“兩張皮”。

　　你已經(jīng)死在過深的怨憤里了嗎?

　　死?不，不，我還活著——

　　請(qǐng)給我以火，給我以火!

　　Have you perished in this deep rancor and bitterness?

　　Death? No, no. I'm still alive.

　　Please give me a light, give me a light!