GRE閱讀如何巧妙的找答案

　　新GRE閱讀理解考查的范圍非常廣，不像填空、類比和反義那樣注重基礎(chǔ)和詞匯量，而GRE考試的閱讀又與其他考試中的閱讀有很大區(qū)別，所以在技巧方法上也要區(qū)分對(duì)待。GRE閱讀中多見長(zhǎng)句，對(duì)理解造成很大障礙，然而這一大特點(diǎn)也促使形成了解決GRE閱讀的一個(gè)制勝法寶--從原文中來，到原文中去。因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)句具有較高的難度，所以出題者會(huì)把很大的精力放在對(duì)句子本身的理解上，而不像其他考試中的閱讀那樣主要側(cè)重對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解。在實(shí)際解題過程中，我們?nèi)绻嬲斫獠⒄莆樟诉@一點(diǎn)，就能提高做題速度和準(zhǔn)確性，因?yàn)閷?shí)實(shí)在在能從原文中找到證據(jù)的答案必定是正確答案。

　　雖然答案是絕對(duì)忠于原文的，但它的出現(xiàn)往往都披著迷惑人的外衣，同時(shí)其他四個(gè)似是而非的選項(xiàng)也會(huì)對(duì)考生進(jìn)行干擾。對(duì)原文中句子變形的方法多種多樣，變形后的句子所使用的句式和詞組搭配常常不同于原句，一般會(huì)是對(duì)原句的解釋和概括，但基本框架不變。一旦正確掌握了原句的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，選擇出正確答案就不會(huì)困難了。以下幾個(gè)例子都來自考生容易選錯(cuò)的題目：

　　Eg1. According to the passage， random failures in automatic control systems are "not merely trivial aberrations" because

　　(A) Automatic control systems are designed by engineers who have little practical experience in the field

　　(B) The failures are characteristic of systems designed by engineers relying too heavily on concepts in mathematics

　　(C) The failures occur too often to be taken lightly

　　(D) Designers of automatic control systems have too little training in the analysis　of　mechanical difficulties

　　(E) Designers of automatic control systems need more help from scientists who have a better understanding of the analytical problems to be solved before such systems can work efficiently

　　本題在原文中的定位為：Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics. 這個(gè)句子中間用分號(hào)隔開，分號(hào)前的部分對(duì)應(yīng)著題干中的問題，分號(hào)后即是對(duì)前半句的解釋，也就是說這個(gè)句子本身就是一問一答型，答案就是后半句話，在選擇答案時(shí)我們只要看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是對(duì)這句話的變形即可。注意這半句話中chaos是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)：result in，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)是表示結(jié)果的，然后看它的賓語(yǔ)是mathematics，而這個(gè)名詞是不能被替換掉的，直接從五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中挑選，只有B說出了 mathematics，無(wú)疑這就是正確答案了。解答本題時(shí)能看出mathematics這一重心之后，根本不需要自己進(jìn)行任何總結(jié)和概括，看出哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是對(duì)原句的變形就全部搞定了。我們?cè)僮屑?xì)看一下B答案，其中rely heavily on代替了原句中的chaos result in，而意義與先前保持一致。

　　Eg2. According to the passage， certain serious contemporary photographers expressly make which of the following claims about their photographs?

　　(A)Their photographs could be created by almost anyone who had a camera and the time to devote to the activity.

　　(B)Their photographs are not examples of art but are examples of the photographers' impartial observation of the world.

　　(C)Their photographs are important because of their subjects but not because of the responses they evoke in viewers.

　　(D)Their photographs exhibit the same ageless principles of form and shading that have been used in painting.

　　(E) Their photographs represent a conscious glorification of the mechanical aspects of　twentieth-century life.

　　本題在原文中的定位為：Serious photographers variously claim to be finding， recording， impartially observing， witnessing events， exploring themselves-anything but making works of art. 注意anything but 是“決不”的意思，B答案就是對(duì)這句話的變形，只不過是把原文中所列出的幾種形式用examples概括罷了。在這個(gè)例子中還要注意的是原句中的 anything but注定了其變形應(yīng)該表示否定，按照這種理解很容易選出正確答案。