服用對(duì)乙酰氨基酚導(dǎo)致孩子多動(dòng)癥?

服用對(duì)乙酰氨基酚導(dǎo)致孩子多動(dòng)癥?

Long-term use of acetaminophen during pregnancy was associated with twice the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, according to a study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics. However, two experts believe that the data do not support these findings.

周一發(fā)表在《兒科學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，懷孕期間長(zhǎng)期服用對(duì)乙酰氨基酚，會(huì)使兒童出現(xiàn)注意力缺陷多動(dòng)癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加一倍。然而，兩位專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為，數(shù)據(jù)并不支持這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is the active ingredient in Tylenol and hundreds of over-the-counter and prescription medicines, according to the US Food and Drug Administration. It is commonly prescribed during pregnancy to relieve pain and fever, with an estimated 65% of pregnant women in America using the drug, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.?

美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局(fda)表示，對(duì)乙酰氨基酚，也被稱為撲熱息痛，是泰諾和數(shù)百種非處方藥和處方藥中的活性成分。據(jù)美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心,表示，對(duì)乙酰氨基酚是懷孕期間用來(lái)緩解疼痛和發(fā)燒的,在美國(guó)估計(jì)有65%的孕婦使用該藥物。

The lead author of the new study, Eivind Ystrøm, a senior researcher at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, said pregnant women who need medicine for fever or pain relief "should not refrain from short-term acetaminophen use."

這項(xiàng)新研究的主要作者，挪威公共衛(wèi)生研究所的高級(jí)研究員Eivind Ystrøm說(shuō)，需要退燒藥或止痛藥物的孕婦“不應(yīng)該避免短期使用乙酰氨基酚”。

However, pregnant women who require "continuous acetaminophen for a longer period" should consult with their physicians, he wrote in an email. The study defines a longer period as 29 days or more.

然而，他在一封電子郵件中寫(xiě)道，需要“較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)服用乙酰氨基酚”的孕婦應(yīng)該咨詢醫(yī)生。該研究將這里的較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間定義為29天或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

ADHD, a neurodevelopmental disorder, can cause inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. The causes are unknown but research is ongoing and genetics are believe to play a role.

ADHD是一種神經(jīng)發(fā)育障礙，可導(dǎo)致注意力不集中、過(guò)度活躍和沖動(dòng)。原因尚不清楚，但研究仍在進(jìn)行中，認(rèn)為遺傳因素發(fā)揮了一定的作用。

The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study provided data for the new research. Women were invited to participate after routine ultrasound examinations around week 18 of their pregnancies.

挪威的母子隊(duì)列研究為新的研究提供了數(shù)據(jù)。在懷孕18周左右，婦女被邀請(qǐng)參加常規(guī)超聲檢查。

Information was gathered from 95,242 mothers, 75,217 fathers and 112,973 children born between 1999 and 2009 -- including 2,246 children diagnosed with ADHD.

研究人員收集了從1999年至2009年間出生的95，242名母親，75，217名父親和112，973名兒童-包括被診斷為多動(dòng)癥的2，246名兒童的信息。

"We found that using acetaminophen for 29 days or more during pregnancy gave a 220% increase in risk for ADHD in the child," Ystrøm wrote -- more than twice the expected risk. "This was after taking medical conditions and risk for ADHD in the family into account."

Ystrøm寫(xiě)到，“我們發(fā)現(xiàn),在懷孕期間使用對(duì)乙酰氨基酚29天或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，使孩子患多動(dòng)癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了220，是期望的兩倍多。“這是在考慮了家庭的醫(yī)療條件和ADHD風(fēng)險(xiǎn)后得出的結(jié)論”。

Use of acetaminophen by pregnant women for less than seven days was associated with a decreased risk of ADHD in offspring, the researchers say, based on their analysis.

研究人員說(shuō)，根據(jù)他們的分析，孕婦服用對(duì)乙酰氨基酚少于七天，其后代患多動(dòng)癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會(huì)降低。

Fathers who used the pain reliever for 29 or more days prior to conception also had twice the number of children with ADHD. Unsure how to interpret this finding, Ystrøm suggested that "it could be that fathers who use a lot of acetaminophen have a higher genetic risk for ADHD" or that long-term use of the medicine might lead to changes in sperm.

在懷孕前使用止痛藥29天或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的父親，也有使患多動(dòng)癥的孩子數(shù)量增加一倍。由于不確定如何解釋這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，Ystrøm建議“可能是大量使用乙酰氨基酚的父親有更高的多動(dòng)癥遺傳風(fēng)險(xiǎn)患”，或者長(zhǎng)期使用這種藥物可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致精子的變化。