懷孕期間可以服用過敏藥嗎?

懷孕期間可以服用過敏藥嗎?

NO DOUBT, SOME CAUTION is warranted when deciding whether to take any medication when pregnant or nursing.

毫無疑問，在決定是否在懷孕或哺乳期間服用任何藥物時，一定要謹(jǐn)慎。

That's because, experts say, while most medications are generally considered safe during this period, doctors and patients alike only have so much data to go on due a relative lack of research. There's a dearth of large, human studies on the safety and effectiveness of drugs for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.

專家說，這是因?yàn)椋m然大多數(shù)藥物在這段時間內(nèi)通常被認(rèn)為是安全的，但由于研究相對缺乏，醫(yī)生和病人都只有這么多的數(shù)據(jù)可用。對于孕婦或哺乳期婦女服用藥物的安全性和有效性，缺乏大規(guī)模的人體研究。

For these patients "we have very limited information," says Dr. Catherine Spong, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology and chief of maternal fetal medicine at UT Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.

對于這些患者，“我們的信息非常有限，”達(dá)拉斯德克薩斯大學(xué)西南醫(yī)學(xué)中心(UT Southwestern Medical Center)婦產(chǎn)科教授、母嬰醫(yī)學(xué)主任凱瑟琳·斯潘(Catherine Spong)博士說。

To be sure, medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration must be safe for women of reproductive age, she notes. "Many medications are commonly taken by lots of women – they may not even know that they're pregnant at the time – and have not been found to have adverse effects," Spong notes.

她指出，美國食品和藥物管理局(Food and Drug Administration)批準(zhǔn)的藥物必須對育齡女性安全。斯潘指出:“許多藥物通常是由很多女性服用的——她們可能甚至不知道自己當(dāng)時懷孕了——而且沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)有副作用。”

Still, there's a push to collect much more data on medications taken specifically during pregnancy. To that end, the 21st Century Cures Act established a Task Force on Research Specific to Pregnant and Lactation "to advise the Secretary of Health and Human Services regarding gaps in knowledge and research on safe and effective therapies for pregnant women and lactating women."

盡管如此，人們?nèi)栽谂κ占嚓P(guān)于孕期服用藥物的數(shù)據(jù)。為此，《21世紀(jì)治療法》成立了一個專門針對孕婦和哺乳期婦女的研究特別工作組，“就孕婦和哺乳期婦女安全有效治療的知識和研究方面的差距向衛(wèi)生與公眾服務(wù)部部長提供咨詢。”

Allergy Medicines and Birth Defects

過敏藥物和先天缺陷

One reason antihistamines have been scrutinized is because past studies have raised concerns about a potential link between antihistamines and birth defects. However, a review by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the research that included more than 50 scientific articles through early 2014 found that most of the drugs don't appear to be linked to birth defects.

抗組胺藥物受到關(guān)注的一個原因是，過去的研究對抗組胺藥物與出生缺陷之間的潛在聯(lián)系提出了擔(dān)憂。然而，美國疾病控制與預(yù)防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，簡稱cdc)對截至2014年初的50多篇科學(xué)論文進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)審查發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)藥物似乎與出生缺陷無關(guān)。

But the link has not been confirmed in subsequent studies.

但這種聯(lián)系尚未在隨后的研究中得到證實(shí)。

Taking Decongestants

服用減充血劑

Although not considered allergy medicines, per se, decongestants like Sudafed are sometimes taken to relieve nasal congestion associated with allergies. For that reason, antihistamines are typically paired with decongestants – like Claritan-D and Zyrtec-D. (The D indicates that the antihistamine also includes a decongestant.)

雖然不被認(rèn)為是過敏藥物，但本質(zhì)上，像速達(dá)菲這樣的減充血劑有時會被用來緩解與過敏有關(guān)的鼻塞。因此，抗組胺藥通常與減充血劑配對，如Claritan-D和Zyrtec-D。(D表示抗組胺藥還包括減充血劑。)

You may have confirmed you have allergies long before you became pregnant. But for some women who develop nasal congestion that lingers during the pregnancy, it's actually the result of physiological changes that occur during pregnancy, or what's called rhinitis of pregnancy.

你可能早在懷孕前就已經(jīng)證實(shí)自己有過敏癥。但是對于一些在懷孕期間出現(xiàn)鼻塞的女性來說，這實(shí)際上是在懷孕期間發(fā)生的生理變化的結(jié)果，也就是所謂的孕期鼻炎。

Keep Your Doctor in the Loop

通知你的醫(yī)生

Whether you're starting or continuing any medication, experts say, make sure to discuss it with your health provider. "Talk with your doctor if you are pregnant and you have taken any medicine or are thinking of taking any medicine," the CDC advises. "This includes prescription and over-the-counter medications, as well as dietary or herbal products."

專家說，無論你是開始用藥還是繼續(xù)用藥，一定要和你的醫(yī)療服務(wù)人員討論。美國疾病控制與預(yù)防中心建議:“如果你懷孕了，并且服用了任何藥物，或者正在考慮服用任何藥物，請與你的醫(yī)生談?wù)劇?rdquo;“這包括處方藥和非處方藥，以及飲食或草藥產(chǎn)品。”