分詞也是動(dòng)詞的另一種非謂語形式,有-ing形式與-ed形式兩種。由于前面已經(jīng)講過動(dòng)名詞,這種形式跟-ing是一樣的,所以這講,著重講解-ed分詞。
-ed分詞即我們平常所說的動(dòng)詞過去分詞。它有兩種形式:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式由規(guī)則動(dòng)詞+-ED構(gòu)成;不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞有其特殊的-ED分詞。在語法功能上,它在句子中所能承擔(dān)的成分基本與-ING分詞相同,可以作表語,定語,狀語,也可以用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,不管它作什么成分,其最基本的含義是“被動(dòng)”的。-ED分詞在語法功能和意義上與-ing分詞有一定的區(qū)別。
一、-ed分詞作表語
過去分詞作表語一般用來表示感受、狀態(tài)(系詞+分詞)。如:
We were very interested in the novel she gave us yesterday.
我們對(duì)她昨天給我們的小說非常感興趣。
She was quite frightened by the sudden noise outside the door.
她被門外突然的吵鬧聲嚇住了。
可以用作表語的常見過去分詞有:
amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, confused, disappointed, discouraged, dressed, drunk, excited, experienced, faded, frightened, hurt, interested, known, learned, lost, married, pleased, puzzled, qualified, satisfied, surprised, tired, unprepared, unknown, upset, worried等。