研究表明，女性在戴口罩和其他阻止Covid-19傳播的措施上做得更好

研究表明，女性在戴口罩和其他阻止Covid-19傳播的措施上做得更好

Wearing a mask, social distancing and washing hands regularly are the best ways we have to stop the spread of Covid-19.

戴口罩、保持社交距離和經(jīng)常洗手是我們阻止Covid-19傳播的最佳方式。

But when it comes to these crucial habits, it appears that women are more likely to be following these steps to a greater degree than men, according to a new study.

但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，在這些關(guān)鍵習(xí)慣方面，女性似乎比男性更有可能遵循這些步驟。

To reach their conclusions, the researchers at New York University and Yale University examined survey data, street observations and analysis of smartphone movements.

為了得出結(jié)論，紐約大學(xué)和耶魯大學(xué)的研究人員對(duì)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)、街道觀察和對(duì)智能手機(jī)移動(dòng)的分析進(jìn)行了研究。

Women aren't just better at taking preventative measures, researchers said. They also found that women were also more likely to listen to experts and express alarm and anxiety in response to Covid-19, the study, which was published this week in the journal Behavioral Science & Policy, said.

研究人員稱，女性不僅更善于采取預(yù)防措施。本周發(fā)表在《行為科學(xué)與政策》雜志上的這項(xiàng)研究稱，研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性在應(yīng)對(duì)Covid-19時(shí)更有可能聽取專家的意見，并表達(dá)擔(dān)憂和焦慮。

Their survey of 800 people found that women were more likely than men to say they maintained social distance, stayed at home, washed hands frequently and mixed less with family and friends. The only measure that didn't have a gender difference was the frequency of contact with people other than friends or family.

他們對(duì)800人進(jìn)行的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，女性比男性更有可能表示自己保持社交距離、待在家里、經(jīng)常洗手、較少與家人和朋友交往。唯一沒有性別差異的是與朋友或家人以外的人聯(lián)系的頻率。

However, self-reported behavior doesn't always accurately represent actual behavior, so the researchers also looked at pedestrians and mask wearing in three different US locations to see how many people wore masks.

然而，自我報(bào)告的行為并不總是能準(zhǔn)確地反映真實(shí)的行為，因此研究人員也在美國三個(gè)不同的城市觀察了行人和戴著口罩的人，看看有多少人帶著口罩。

They found that 55% of women wore masks properly compared with 38% of men -- even though gender distribution in these zip codes was roughly equal. They observed 127 women and 173 men on May 4-5 this year.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，55%的女性正確地佩戴口罩，而男性只有38%——盡管這些地區(qū)的性別分布大致相同。他們于今年5月4日至5日對(duì)127名女性和173名男性進(jìn)行了觀察。

In the third part of their study, to measure social distancing among the wider US population, the researchers used GPS data from 15 million smart phones to track overall movement and visits to non-essential stores like spas, florists and fitness facilities between March 9 and May 29.

在研究的第三部分，為了測量更廣泛的美國人之間的社交距離，研究人員使用了1500萬臺(tái)智能手機(jī)的GPS數(shù)據(jù)，來跟蹤3月9日至5月29日期間的整體活動(dòng)以及去水療、花店和健身設(shè)施等非必需品商店的訪問情況。

In many senses, the researchers said the findings weren't surprising -- it's long been known that women are better hand washers than men. And a 2016 review that looked at research from dozens of different countries found that women were 50% more likely than men to practice, or increase, protective behavior like proper hand-washing, mask-wearing and surface cleaning in the context of an epidemic, like flu.

研究人員說，從很多方面來說，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)并不令人驚訝——長久以來，人們都知道女性比男性更擅長洗手。2016年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在流感等流行病的背景下，女性進(jìn)行或加強(qiáng)諸如正確洗手、戴口罩和表面清潔等保護(hù)行為的可能性比男性高50%。該研究考察了數(shù)十個(gè)國家的研究。

"Previous research before the pandemic shows that women had been visiting doctors more frequently in their daily lives and following their recommendations more so than men," said Irmak Olcaysoy Okten, a postdoctoral researcher in New York University's Department of Psychology and the paper's lead author, in a press statement.

紐約大學(xué)心理學(xué)系博士后研究員、該論文的主要作者厄爾馬克·奧卡索伊·奧克敦在一份新聞聲明中說：“在流行病之前的研究表明，女性在日常生活中比男性更頻繁地去看醫(yī)生，并且更多地遵循醫(yī)生的建議。”

"So it's not surprising that these tendencies would translate into greater efforts on behalf of women to prevent the spread of the pandemic." Okten said.

“因此，這些趨勢(shì)會(huì)促使女性做出更大努力，以防止流行病的蔓延，這并不奇怪。”奧克敦說。

"Policymakers might target men's illusions of invulnerability ... and remind them of their responsibilities to others and themselves during this critical period. Disseminating prevention messages particularly in places where men frequently get together can be an effective strategy," the study suggested.

該研究建議，“政策制定者可能會(huì)把目標(biāo)對(duì)準(zhǔn)男性認(rèn)為刀槍不入的幻想……并提醒他們?cè)谶@個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)期對(duì)他人和自己的責(zé)任。在男性經(jīng)常聚會(huì)的地方傳播預(yù)防信息是一種有效的策略。”