隨著美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)署許可的臨近，公海養(yǎng)魚之戰(zhàn)升溫

隨著美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)署許可的臨近，公海養(yǎng)魚之戰(zhàn)升溫

Americans eat an average of 16 pounds of fish each year, and that number is growing. But how to meet our demand for fish is a controversial question, one that is entering a new chapter as the Environmental Protection Agency seeks to approve the nation's only aquaculture pen in federal waters.

美國(guó)人平均每年吃16磅魚，而且這個(gè)數(shù)字還在增長(zhǎng)。但是，如何滿足我們對(duì)魚類的需求是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的問題，隨著美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)局尋求批準(zhǔn)建立美國(guó)唯一的聯(lián)邦水域水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)，這個(gè)問題正在進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的篇章。

Fish farming has been positioned by its boosters as a sustainable alternative to wild-caught seafood and an economic driver that would put our oceans to work. So far, restrictions on where aquaculture operations can be located have kept the U.S. industry relatively small.

養(yǎng)魚業(yè)的支持者將其定位為一種野生海產(chǎn)品的可持續(xù)替代品，并將使我們的海洋發(fā)揮作用的經(jīng)濟(jì)推動(dòng)力。到目前為止，對(duì)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)地點(diǎn)的限制使得美國(guó)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)規(guī)模相對(duì)較小。

In 2016, domestic aquaculture in state-controlled waters accounted for about $1.6 billion worth of seafood, or about 20 percent of the country's seafood production.

2016年，在國(guó)家控制水域的國(guó)內(nèi)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖價(jià)值約16億美元，約占該國(guó)海產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量的20%。

States control up to three miles offshore from their coastlines, but between three and 200 miles falls under federal control.

各州控制著距海岸線3英里的海域，但聯(lián)邦政府控制著3至200英里的海域。

Attempts to introduce aquaculture in federal waters have so far been stymied by concerns about aquaculture's impact on ocean ecosystems and wild fisheries.

到目前為止，由于擔(dān)心水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖對(duì)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和野生漁業(yè)的影響，在聯(lián)邦水域引入水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖的努力受到了阻礙。

Now the tide could be turning. On Aug. 30, EPA issued a draft permit for a pilot aquaculture project in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Florida. The project, despite its small scale, would be a watershed moment in the debate surrounding ocean aquaculture, which has divided environmental groups and pitted fishermen who catch wild fish against those who farm.

現(xiàn)在，潮流可能正在變化。8月30日，美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)署發(fā)布了一份草案，允許在佛羅里達(dá)州海岸外的墨西哥灣開展一個(gè)水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。盡管該項(xiàng)目規(guī)模較小，但它將成為圍繞海洋水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖辯論中的一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。海洋水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖已使環(huán)保團(tuán)體產(chǎn)生分歧，并使捕撈野生魚類的漁民與養(yǎng)殖魚類的漁民產(chǎn)生對(duì)立。

It is also the latest chapter in a long battle about which agency should regulate ocean aquaculture.

這也是有關(guān)哪個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該監(jiān)管海洋水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖這一長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)的最新篇章。

The pilot project would allow Kampachi Farms, a veteran aquaculture company, to raise 20,000 Almaco jack fish in a net pen in the ocean 45 miles southwest of Sarasota.

該試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目將允許經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖公司坎帕奇農(nóng)場(chǎng)在薩拉索塔西南45英里的海洋中用網(wǎng)圈養(yǎng)殖2萬(wàn)條長(zhǎng)鰭魚。

Kampachi Farms previously established aquaculture pens in state-controlled waters off the coast of Hawaii and in Mexico's Gulf of California. Kampachi CEO Neil Anthony Sims says the Gulf of Mexico pilot project is essential to helping aquaculture's critics understand the many upsides of bringing open ocean fish farming to the U.S.

坎帕奇農(nóng)場(chǎng)以前在夏威夷海岸和加利福尼亞灣國(guó)家控制的水域建立了水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖圍欄。坎帕斯首席執(zhí)行官尼爾·安東尼·西姆斯表示，墨西哥灣的試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目對(duì)于幫助水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖的批評(píng)者了解將開放海洋養(yǎng)魚業(yè)引入美國(guó)的諸多好處至關(guān)重要

"First and foremost, we want to be able to demonstrate to the Florida fishing that offshore aquaculture can be a real positive benefit," says Sims.

西姆斯說(shuō):“最重要的是，我們希望能夠向佛羅里達(dá)州的漁業(yè)證明，近海水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖可以帶來(lái)真正的積極的效益。”