Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on abuse of antibiotic based on the picture below. You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
審題立意
1. 導(dǎo)語解讀:要求考生根據(jù)漫畫的內(nèi)容就“抗生素的濫用”這一話題進(jìn)行簡述,并作適當(dāng)評(píng)論。
2. 漫畫解讀:圖片上畫的是超級(jí)細(xì)菌和抗生素,顯然,超級(jí)細(xì)菌占據(jù)上風(fēng),并且很得意地宣稱:“你的濫用會(huì)使我更加強(qiáng)壯”。這警示了人們?yōu)E用抗生素帶來的嚴(yán)重后果。
3. 文章立意:目前有不少人對(duì)抗生素的使用存在誤區(qū),認(rèn)為抗生素是萬能的,抗生素越高級(jí)越好。其實(shí)則不然,過量使用抗生素會(huì)對(duì)人體造成很多損害,其中超級(jí)細(xì)菌就是濫用抗生素催生出來的。因此,人們應(yīng)該合理使用抗生素。
寫作思路
1. 第一段簡要描述漫畫內(nèi)容,然后提出論點(diǎn):濫用抗生素會(huì)帶來嚴(yán)重的后果。
2. 第二段主要通過舉例論證的方式闡述濫用抗生素給人們帶來的危害,包括副作用、過敏、細(xì)菌耐藥性增強(qiáng)。
3. 第三段呼應(yīng)文章論點(diǎn),提出防止濫用抗生素的有效應(yīng)對(duì)措施。
參考范文
What we can see from the picture is a fight between antibiotic and superbug. Apparently, superbug has the upper hand, saying: “Your abuse will make me stronger.” 1 It obviously implies the grave consequences brought by the abuse of antibiotics. 2
It is true that proper use of antibiotics can help patients treat infections. However, overuse of it will do harm rather than good to people’s health. 3 Just as the old saying goes, “All medicines have their own side-effects”. 4 Overusing antibiotics will damage the nervous system, the kidney and blood system. 3 The second harm is that some antibiotics such as penicillin may cause allergies and serious allergies may cause death. 3 Last but not the least, the abuse of antibiotics will strengthen bacterial resistance. If the situation worsened, there would be no medicine available when human beings suffer from infection. 3
In my point of view, effective measures should be taken to prevent the overuse of antibiotics. First, a public education campaign should be launched to arouse people’s awareness that antibiotic is not everything. Second, doctors should be more careful in prescribing antibiotics. Third, government should make relevant laws to enhance supervision on the use of antibiotics. 5
我們從圖片中看到的是抗生素和超級(jí)細(xì)菌之間的一場搏斗。顯然,超級(jí)細(xì)菌占據(jù)了上風(fēng),它說道:“你的濫用會(huì)使我更加強(qiáng)壯”。這清晰地表明濫用抗生素帶來的嚴(yán)重后果。
固然,恰當(dāng)使用抗生素能幫助病人治療感染。然而,過量使用它時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)人的健康有害而不是有益。正如古語所說:“是藥三分毒”。過量使用抗生素會(huì)損傷神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、腎臟、血液系統(tǒng)。第二重危害是有些抗生素如青霉素可能會(huì)引起過敏,而嚴(yán)重過敏可能是致命的。最后但同樣重要的是,濫用抗生素會(huì)增強(qiáng)細(xì)菌耐藥性。如果這種情況繼續(xù)惡化下去,人類很可能面臨感染時(shí)無藥可用的境地。
在我看來,應(yīng)該采取有效措施防止抗生素的濫用。首先,應(yīng)發(fā)起公共教育活動(dòng),喚起人們對(duì)抗生素的意識(shí):抗生素不是萬能的。第二,醫(yī)生應(yīng)該慎重開具抗生素的藥方。第三,政府應(yīng)該制定相關(guān)法律加強(qiáng)對(duì)抗生素藥物使用的監(jiān)管。
范文點(diǎn)評(píng)
1. 開篇簡要描述圖片的內(nèi)容。
2. 自然過渡,結(jié)合圖片內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確傳遞出這幅漫畫的寓意。
3. 明確表達(dá)本文的主要觀點(diǎn):過度使用抗生素會(huì)對(duì)身體健康造成危害,包括副作用、過敏反應(yīng)、細(xì)菌耐藥性增強(qiáng)。
4. 通過引用諺語增強(qiáng)說服力,同時(shí)也體現(xiàn)了論證方法的多樣性。
5. 末段總結(jié)全文,提出防止抗生素濫用的三種有效應(yīng)對(duì)措施。
要點(diǎn)用法
antibiotic n. 抗生素
superbug n. 超級(jí)細(xì)菌
have the upper hand 占上風(fēng),占優(yōu)勢
grave consequences 嚴(yán)重后果
kidney n. 腎
penicillin n. 盤尼西林,青霉素
allergy n. 過敏
bacterial resistance 細(xì)菌耐藥性
available adj. 可得到的,可拿到的
campaign n. 運(yùn)動(dòng),活動(dòng)
prescribe v. 開(藥,處方)
enhance supervision 加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管
句法點(diǎn)評(píng)
1. However, overuse of it will do harm rather than good to people’s health.
該句中的并列連詞rather than不與would連用,表示客觀事實(shí)??梢赃B接名詞、代詞、形容詞、動(dòng)名詞等并列成分。需要注意的是,如果rather than連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與rather than前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
2. If the situation worsened, there would be no medicine available when human beings suffer from infection.
該句使用了if虛擬條件句,旨在說明如果持續(xù)濫用抗生素,人類將面臨感染時(shí)無藥可施的情況。