雅思小作文里的大智慧：活用簡(jiǎn)單詞拿高分

　　其實(shí)人們對(duì)于“妖怪”形象的認(rèn)識(shí)與我們對(duì)于“雅思圖表小作文”的正確認(rèn)識(shí)有著異曲同工之處。日本的妖怪文化經(jīng)歷了從夸張(即 極善極惡)到樸實(shí)(即 善惡并存)的一種趨向和諧的發(fā)展，妖怪被賦予了自然的靈性，從而演變?yōu)榱艘环N無法替代的文化;而我們的小作文同樣要做到表達(dá)的和諧才會(huì)使我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中一點(diǎn)一滴的積累，變成考官眼中那一個(gè)個(gè)生靈活現(xiàn)的“小妖怪”。

　　現(xiàn)在，雅思考試中的小作文的素材也是越發(fā)“樸實(shí)”了，我們可能覺得題目中不像之前會(huì)有一些自己不認(rèn)得的生僻單詞;那么對(duì)于詞匯的要求是不是降低了?答案當(dāng)時(shí)是“No”.而是我們的詞匯需要“靈性”了。

　　我們一起來看看評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中9分檔對(duì)于詞匯的要求——use a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features; rare minor errors occur only as “slips”. “natural and sophisticated control of lexical resources of lexical features”即“自然使用并且掌握詞匯特征”，詞匯的高分不是來源于“又難又專的高大上”而是 “妖怪一般的靈性”。這也就是為什么有的時(shí)候你的全文用了7，8種變化多端的“占據(jù)”相關(guān)表達(dá)、或者用了更多的“上升、下降”但是分?jǐn)?shù)卻不見本質(zhì)性改變的根本原因。下面讓我們通過劍橋雅思7 Test4的一篇考官范文來發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的奧秘吧。

　　The charts compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000. Between these years electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France.

　　妖怪1：double，triple這一類型的詞匯體現(xiàn)出了更為形象的數(shù)值本身的變化，比單純的“上升、下降更為準(zhǔn)確”，同時(shí)又比“上升，下降+數(shù)值”更加簡(jiǎn)潔。準(zhǔn)確而且簡(jiǎn)潔的表達(dá)完全可以稱的上是 “natural and sophisticated control of lexical resources of lexical features”的境界。

　　In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%.

　　妖怪2：produce，supply這些簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)詞是與“能量”對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)值最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆浞绞?，并不是我們?jīng)常記憶的那些“占據(jù)”，因此小作文中我們將常會(huì)遇到考察的描述對(duì)象可能是“能量”或者“食品的銷量”，與這些最合適的搭配應(yīng)該是這些“靈氣滿滿”的動(dòng)詞produce，supply或者是buy,sell,consume。

　　In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. But by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units. Other sources were no longer significant.

　　妖怪3：A be matched by B 即A=B

　　妖怪4：contribute=produce

　　妖怪5：develop ，某一個(gè)描述對(duì)象所對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)值變得更主導(dǎo)了，我們可以用develop 寫出這里所呈現(xiàn)的正向發(fā)展。

　　Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power.

　　妖怪6：rely on，depend on 表達(dá)的是“使用量大”的終極總結(jié)。

　　這些詞匯其實(shí)大家在接觸，account for，constitute，之前早已掌握，只是還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)谛∽魑闹械奶烊挥猛景?，從今天起，這些詞匯也出現(xiàn)在你的文章中把，讓考官驚嘆一下，原來我們的文章中也會(huì)出現(xiàn)這些靈動(dòng)的詞匯小妖怪!