托福備考語法指導：分詞及真題要點解析

　　(1) ------- as“the census taker of the sky”Annie Jump Cannon contributed considerably to the field of astronomy。

　　(A) Known

　　(B) Knowing

　　(C) To known

　　(D) Knowledge (92.5)

　?。鄞鸢福?A 分詞短語置于句首作表示身份的狀語。它的邏輯主語即是句子的主語Annie Jump Cannon。

　　(2) ------- in 1635， the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States 。

　　(A) Founded

　　(B) Founding

　　(C) To found

　　(D) Having founded (92.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?A 分詞短語表示時間，其邏輯主語即是句子主語The Boston Latin School。

　　(3) ------- the constitution of the Cherokee Nation provided for a chief executive， a senate， and a house of representatives。

　　(A) In 1827 they drafted

　　(B) The draft in 1827

　　(C) In 1872 was drafted

　　(D) Drafted in 1827 (90.5)

　　［答案］ D分詞短語作狀語，表示時間。此結構可擴展為一狀語從句；where the constitution of the Cherokee Nation was drafted in 1827 it provided for a chief executive a senate， and a house of representatives。

　　4. 現在分詞表達主動的概念；過去分詞表達被動的概念

　　全真例題分析

　　(1) Tudging to be the best boxer of his time， sugar Ray Robinson lost only 3 out of 137 fights (94.1)

　　［答案］ A 此分詞短語與其邏輯上的主語sugar Ray Robinson 是被動的關系(Sugar was judged to be…) 故應用過去詞Tudped to be。

　　(2) During the Colonial days， the Iroquois had an agricultural economy basing mainly on corn with supplementary crops of pumpkins ，beans， and tobacco. (92.1)

　　［答案］ B通常我們說to be based on ，這個短語表示被動概念(基于，以…為基礎)，所以應改用過去分詞based。

　　(3) Per capita income is a nation*s entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation. (90.10)

　?。鄞鸢福?B根據句意及分詞dividing后面的介詞by，可以推斷這個分詞短語表達的是被動的概念，因此，應用過去分詞divided by。

　　(4) Clementine Hunter*s primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries. Included one at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C. (93.1)

　?。鄞鸢福?D 分詞in cluded與其邏輯的主語paintings并無被動的關系，不應用過去分詞，應改為慣用現在分詞短語in cluding + 名詞賓語的結構