美語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練班058
A: 當(dāng)當(dāng)當(dāng)! 本周美語(yǔ)訓(xùn)練班上課啦! 我是楊琳!
B: Welcome to American English Mosaic, 我是Kat! 楊琳，快說(shuō)說(shuō)咱們今天都要學(xué)什么?
A: 好! 今天，咱們要去看看有機(jī)食品的好處，學(xué)學(xué)怎么接受媒體采訪，看看怎么說(shuō)大力整頓，還要告訴大家怎么用美語(yǔ)說(shuō)"普通人"和"人脈"!
B: 人脈很重要呀! Yanglin, don't you feel lucky to have a friend like me -- someone who has a very diverse social circle? 跟我混你能認(rèn)識(shí)好多人吶!
A: OMG....對(duì)對(duì)對(duì), 臭美冠軍! 好了好了，不貧嘴了，我們趕快先來(lái)進(jìn)入第一個(gè)單元，Learn a Word!
Learn A Word underwater
今天我們要學(xué)的詞是underwater. Underwater is spelled u-n-d-e-r-w-a-t-e-r. Underwater本意是“水下的”，但用在商業(yè)上可以指資不抵債。美國(guó)房屋市場(chǎng)次貸危機(jī)產(chǎn)生了許多underwater mortgage，就是指房屋按揭額超過(guò)房屋市值的貸款。最近的統(tǒng)計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，Despite rising home prices, more than 30% of borrowers were underwater on their mortgage during the first quarter of 2012. 雖然房?jī)r(jià)在上漲，但在2012年第一季度，美國(guó)貸款買房者中依然有百分之30的人的房子資不抵債。不過(guò)，Most underwater homeowners are still paying their mortgages on time. 大部分資不抵債的購(gòu)房者依然在按時(shí)繳納按揭。好的，今天我們學(xué)習(xí)的詞是underwater, underwater, underwater.
B: Underwater mortgage? Buying a house is not something I see happening any time soon! When you mention the word "underwater," the only thing I can think of is jumping into the pool!
A: 哈! 對(duì)啊，我現(xiàn)在就天天在社區(qū)游泳池里游! 解暑又減肥!
B: Oh wow, there's a pool at your apartment complex? Can I go swimming with you, PLEASE?
A: Look at those puppy eyes, haha! 可以是可以，不過(guò)可能得等過(guò)一陣， They're serious about the rules and are cracking down on non-residents using the pool.... 咱們先避避風(fēng)頭....
B: Oh god....那好吧! 不過(guò)你剛才提到了一個(gè)很好的詞兒，crack down, 咱們一起來(lái)看看這個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)的用法!
Words and Idioms crack down (on)
現(xiàn)在播送<美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)>第 967講。我是楊琳。
M：我是 Steve Baragona.
家長(zhǎng)都希望孩子在學(xué)校成績(jī)優(yōu)異，所以會(huì)在功課上不遺余力地輔導(dǎo)和幫助孩子，不過(guò)，學(xué)校似乎覺(jué)得這種幫助得有個(gè)度。最近，我朋友收到孩子學(xué)校寄來(lái)的一份合 同，要求家長(zhǎng)在上面簽字，保證以后不能替孩子寫(xiě)作業(yè)，孩子必須交上獨(dú)立完成的東西。學(xué)校的這種做法讓我想到一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，那就是:
M: Crack down. Crack is spelled c-r-a-c-k, and down; d-o-w-n. Crack-down. Crack down.
Crack down的意思是“大力整頓，嚴(yán)格管制”。上面說(shuō)到，校長(zhǎng)不愿意家長(zhǎng)過(guò)份插手孩子的作業(yè)，所以試圖嚴(yán)格限制這種做法，在這里就可以用 crack down. 在下面的例子中，小鎮(zhèn)警方將采取行動(dòng)，解決一個(gè)愈來(lái)愈嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，我們來(lái)聽(tīng)一聽(tīng):
M: "For months, motorists had been speeding down Main Avenue. They caused a number of accidents including pedestrians being hit. That's when more police officers were assigned to enforce the law. It's worked. Since we CRACKED DOWN on speeding, there have been fewer problems."
這段話意思是：[幾個(gè)月來(lái)，開(kāi)車的人總是在主街大道上超速飛車，結(jié)果發(fā)生了好多起交通事故，還有行人被撞到。為此，警方在那里增加了警力，加強(qiáng)執(zhí)法。這種大力管制很有效，管制開(kāi)始以來(lái)，事故的數(shù)量減少了。]
女：其實(shí)還可以在事故頻發(fā)的路口安裝攝像頭，這樣既節(jié)省了警力，又能更清楚有效地抓到違反交規(guī)的人。違章超速的司機(jī)本來(lái)洋洋自得，覺(jué)得沒(méi)有警察管，可是會(huì)突然在某天接到罰單，因?yàn)楸?ldquo;電眼”逮到了!好的，言歸正傳，我們?cè)賮?lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)剛才那段話:
M: "For months, motorists had been speeding down Main Avenue. They caused a number of accidents including pedestrians being hit. That's when more police officers were assigned to enforce the law. It's worked. Since we CRACKED DOWN on speeding, there have been fewer problems."
剛才說(shuō)了學(xué)校對(duì)學(xué)生、警察對(duì)違規(guī)者的嚴(yán)格管理和整頓，現(xiàn)在咱們來(lái)看看工作場(chǎng)所。一個(gè)嚴(yán)格的老板會(huì)怎么做呢?
M: "I know the employee manual says that we only have an hour for lunch. But once in a while I have an errand to run and I get back a few minutes late to the office. My new boss is so strict about the rules. She's taking notes on anyone who's not at his desk on time. She's really CRACKING DOWN ON us."
這段話是說(shuō)：[我知道員工守則上說(shuō)我們的午飯時(shí)間只有一個(gè)小時(shí)，不過(guò)有時(shí)我有些雜事要辦，也會(huì)晚個(gè)幾分鐘回辦公室。我的新老板對(duì)這條規(guī)定特別叫真兒。所有沒(méi)按時(shí)回到辦公桌前的員工都被她注意到。她管我們真是嚴(yán)格無(wú)比。]
大家看到了，如果在crack down 后面加人或物時(shí)，需要加介詞on, to crack down on somebody or something意思就是大力整頓或者打擊某事。另外，把crack 和down這兩個(gè)詞放在一起，就變成名詞了crackdown, 意思一樣，也是打擊，鎮(zhèn)壓。比如，The government began a crackdown on piracy. 政府開(kāi)始大力打擊盜版活動(dòng)。 好的，讓我們?cè)賮?lái)聽(tīng)聽(tīng)剛才那段話:
M: "I know the employee manual says that we only have an hour for lunch. But once in a while I have an errand to run and I get back a few minutes late to the office. My new boss is so strict about the rules. She's taking notes on anyone who's not at his desk on time. She's really CRACKING DOWN ON us."
今天我們學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)是 crack down，意思是“大力整頓，嚴(yán)格管制”。好的，這次[美國(guó)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)]就到此結(jié)束，我是楊琳，我是 Steve Baragona。謝謝各位的收聽(tīng)。
B: I hope the crackdown is going to end soon! I can't wait to go swimming! 你看我們普通人住不起高檔公寓....
A: 別裝可憐了，我不吃這一套!!
B: Oh uh, 被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。不過(guò)剛才我提到普通人，這個(gè)詞在美語(yǔ)里也有個(gè)說(shuō)法，咱們一塊去聽(tīng)聽(tīng)看!
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