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　第三十四篇
　　Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance
　　 The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to 1imit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics，reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
　　An article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)，and，in particular，has raised, awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.
　　While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear，this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission，and to define the most effective measures for control.
　　Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments. the pharmaceutical industry，and international agencies.
　 　WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use，including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics：introducing or
　　enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures. including the use of hand-washing measures，particularly in healthcare facilities.
　　Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.
　　WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies，and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO's World Health Day 2011.
　　詞匯：
　　Evade vt.逃避，避開 prudent adj.慎重的，謹(jǐn)慎的
　　Pose vt.提出 monitor vt.監(jiān)控
　　alternative adj.可供選擇的(途徑或事物) surveillance n.監(jiān)視，監(jiān)管
　　rational adj.合理的，有理性的
　　implement vt.實(shí)現(xiàn)，實(shí)施 adherence n.堅(jiān)持，固守
　　strain n.種類 document vt.證明，支持
　　reinforce vt.加強(qiáng)力量 relevant adj.相關(guān)的
　　注釋：
　　1.be alert to：對(duì)……警覺，注意
　　2.The Lancet Infectious Diseases：《柳葉刀一傳染病》期刊
　　3.antimicrobial resistance(AMR)：抗菌藥物耐藥性
　　練習(xí)：
　　1.Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?
　 　A. The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present.
　　B The micro-organisms develop much faster than the past，so the researchers are more interested.
　　C The antibiotics for multi-drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry.
　　D The antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacteria.
　　2.Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases?
　　A The issue of AMR led the scientists to be alert to the new human gene.
　　B A new drug will be soon available for any multi-drug resistant bacteria.
　　C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.
　　D AMR aroused the awareness of the scientists to the infections caused by the antibiotics.
　　3. Who of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR?
　　A Those who use antibiotics.
　　B Those who sell antibiotics.
　　C Those who produce antibiotics.
　　D Those who study in universities.
　　4.All the following recommendations to the governments from WHO is true EXCEPT
　　A education to the users of antibiotics.
　　B control on the use of antibiotics in health facilities.
　　C introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics.
　　D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they Can use.
　　5.What can you infer from the passage?
　　A WHO can only recommend the governments to control and prevent the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms.
　 　B Even with the new strains against the existing antibiotics，the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms is still under control.
　　C Without the support from WHO，no country can be safe in the war against the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms.
　　D WHO will spare no effort in antimicrobial resistance in 2010 and will set a special day for it in 2011.
　　答案與題解：
　　1.A文中第一段指出，有些致病菌對(duì)現(xiàn)有的抗生素產(chǎn)生了一定的耐藥性，而目前有效的替代藥物還沒有出現(xiàn)，這是一個(gè)棘手的問題，因此引起了全球關(guān)注。因此，答案為A。
　　2.C 文中第二段說明，雜志中提到發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種幾乎對(duì)所有抗生素都具有抵抗性的新的細(xì)菌，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了世人對(duì)AMR，尤其是對(duì)耐藥菌感染的關(guān)注。因此，答案為C。
　　3.D 文中提到應(yīng)對(duì)AMR特別關(guān)注的人群包括：消費(fèi)者，醫(yī)院管理人員，病人，政府，藥品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)以及一些國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)，文中沒有提到大學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)。因此，答案為