高中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞十一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)

　　一、考查不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的基本區(qū)別

　　從時(shí)間關(guān)系上看，不定式表未來(lái)，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表完成，同時(shí)注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式也表完高考資源網(wǎng)成(尤其是表示有明顯的先后關(guān)系的完成);從主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)來(lái)看，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)，同時(shí)注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式也表被動(dòng)(不定式的被動(dòng)式在表被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還兼表未來(lái)，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還兼表進(jìn)行)。如：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

　　1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _____ in a year.

　　A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed

　　分析：答案選 C。動(dòng)詞不定式表示未來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

　　2. _____from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

　　A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated

　　分析：答案選 C。因?yàn)锳ustralia與separate是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且separate發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式作原因狀語(yǔ)。

　　二、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式

　　結(jié)合句子意思，考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與相應(yīng)邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，若為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)式;若為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)式。此時(shí)要特別注意，過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)式，因?yàn)樗旧砜梢员硎颈粍?dòng)。如：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

　　1. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well_____.

　　A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending

　　分析：答案選B。因money與spend是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞。

　　2. The prize of the game show is$30000 and an all expenses _____ vacation to China.

　　A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid

　　分析：答案選B。因all expenses與pay是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。注意句中的an 不是修飾 expenses，而是修飾vacation。

　　3. When _____help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.”

　　A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered

　　分析：答案選 D。因一個(gè)人說(shuō)“謝謝”，應(yīng)當(dāng)是他被提供了幫助，所以要用過(guò)去分詞，When offered help… =When he is offered help…

　　三、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完成式的用法

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞)的完成式主要表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作。做題時(shí)要注意根據(jù)題干所提供的語(yǔ)境來(lái)推斷這種先后關(guān)系。如：

　　1. The storm left, _____a lot of damage to this area.

　　A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused

　　分析：答案選D。因The storm與cause是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除選項(xiàng)A;不定式作狀語(yǔ)，前面通常不用逗號(hào)，排除B和C;因暴風(fēng)雨給這個(gè)地區(qū)“造成損失”是在“結(jié)束”之前，所以用完成式。

　　2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

　　A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken

　　分析：答案選 A。因people與take advantage of是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除選項(xiàng)B和D;take不會(huì)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)are signing up之前，不用完成式，排除C。

　　四、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)

　　在通常情況下，表伴隨情況的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。如：

　　1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _____away.

　　A. run B. running C. to run D. ran

　　分析：答案選B。現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

　　2. He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.

　　A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted

　　分析：答案選 A。因?yàn)閔e與note是主謂關(guān)系，且note與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞glanced的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。

　　3. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____fun.

　　A. had B. have C. to have D. having

　　分析：答案選 D。用現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨情況。

　　說(shuō)明：有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞也可表伴隨(注意過(guò)去分詞同時(shí)還表被動(dòng)關(guān)系)，但高考很少考查此用法。如：

　　He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進(jìn)來(lái)，后面跟著他的妻子。

　　五、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作目的狀語(yǔ)

　　在通常情況下，用作目的狀語(yǔ)只能是不定式。如：

　　1. “Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure, _____it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.”

　　A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get

　　分析：答案選 B。作目的狀語(yǔ)只能用動(dòng)詞不定式。

　　2. ____ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.

　　A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out

　　分析：答案選 A。作目的狀語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)詞不定式。

　　3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____a look at the sports stars. (2005上海卷)

　　A. had B. having C. to have D. have

　　分析：答案選 C。“看看體育明星”是“在體育館外等三個(gè)小時(shí)”的目的，作目的狀語(yǔ)只能用動(dòng)詞不定式。

　　六、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

　　1. 用現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果。如：

　　He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開槍了，打死了一個(gè)過(guò)路人。

　　Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.

　　A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching

　　分析：答案選B。伴隨著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

　　2. 用不定式表結(jié)果。如：

　　He returned home to find his wife waiting for him. 他回到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的妻子在等他。

　　He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.

　　A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found

　　分析：答案選 A。因?yàn)閛nly to do是習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“結(jié)果卻，不料”，hurried和find是先后發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作。

　　七、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

　　原則上，所有的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式均可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，其區(qū)別是：不定式表未來(lái)，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表完成和被動(dòng)。如：

　　1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_____.

　　A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on

　　分析：答案選A。作with的賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，排除選項(xiàng)B和C;與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，排除表示將來(lái)的不定式選項(xiàng)D。

　　2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _____often enough

　　A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained

　　分析：答案選D。賓語(yǔ)it與explain是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，have sth done意為“請(qǐng)人做某事”。

　　八、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題

　　按照英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子一致，否則就應(yīng)調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

　　While watching television, _____.

　　A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings

　　分析：答案選C。因?yàn)閣atching的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是we，排除選項(xiàng)A和B;又因在hear后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的是省略了to的不定式，所以選項(xiàng)D中的rings是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　九、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題

　　原則上說(shuō)，動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ)，只能是不定式或動(dòng)名詞，不能是分詞形式。這類考題命題還往往用動(dòng)詞原形作為干擾項(xiàng)進(jìn)行考查，同學(xué)們做題需引起注意。如：

　　It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview; _____the answers ready will be of great help.

　　A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having

　　分析：答案選D。動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)用作主語(yǔ)。

　　十、考查“(be +) 過(guò)去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)

　　有一類“be+過(guò)去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，如be interested in, be worried about, be lost in, be dressed in 等，也往往是命題的熱點(diǎn)。如：

　　1. _____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

　　A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing

　　分析：答案選 B。因表示“迷路于”是lose oneself in，題中沒(méi)有oneself, 所以the two students與lose是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。

　　2. _____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

　　A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed

　　分析：答案選 A。由dress的賓語(yǔ)一定是人或oneself可知，dress與he是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即he與dress是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，Dressed in …=As he is dressed in …

　　十一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的綜合考查

　　有時(shí)命題者會(huì)將多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)綜合起來(lái)進(jìn)行考查，如在考查被動(dòng)式的同時(shí)兼考完成式，在考查不定式的同時(shí)兼考分詞，等等。如：

　　1. I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.

　　A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded

　　分析：答案選 A。表示“想要做某事”want后只能接to do，排除選項(xiàng)C;sound like中sound是系動(dòng)詞， 屬不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除選項(xiàng)B;sound 發(fā)生在want后，故不用完成式，排除選項(xiàng)D。

　　2. “Is Bob still performing?” “I’m afraid not. He is said _____ the stage already as he has become an official.”

　　A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left

　　分析：答案選 A。因he與leave是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，不用被動(dòng)式，排除選項(xiàng)C和D;由already可知，要用完成式。