新概念英語第二冊詳解第20課:One man in a boat 獨坐孤舟

§ Lesson 20 One man in a boat 獨坐孤舟

【New words and expressions】 生詞和短語

★catch v. 抓到

catch fish,catch thief

catch cold : 染上感冒

catch a bus : 趕車

catch one's breath : 摒住呼吸

catch sight of = see : 看見

catch fire : 著火

catch one's eyes : 吸引某人注意力

★fisherman n. 釣魚人, 漁民

★boot n. 靴子

a pair of boots

★waste n. 浪費

You are wasting time.

a waste of

It is a waste of time/money/food.

★realize v. 意識到

I realized that I was wrong.

實現(xiàn), realize one's dream

【Text】

Lesson 20 One man in a boat 獨坐孤舟

First listen and then answer the question.聽錄音, 然后回答以下問題.

Why is fishing the writer's favourite sport?

Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!

參考譯文

釣魚是我特別喜愛的一項運動. 我經(jīng)常一釣數(shù)小時卻一無所獲, 但我從不為此煩惱. 有些垂釣者就是不走運, 他們往往魚釣不到, 卻釣上來些舊靴子和垃圾. 我的運氣甚至還不及他們. 我什么東西也未釣到過 -- 就連舊靴子也沒有. 我總是在河上呆上整整一上午, 然后空著袋子回家. “你可別再釣魚了!” 我的朋友們說, “這是浪費時間. “然而他們沒有認識到重要的一點, 我并不是真的對釣魚有興趣, 我感興趣的只是獨坐孤舟, 無所事事!

【課文講解】 fish一般情況下作為不可數(shù)名詞用

There are a lot of fishes(表示種類)in the sea.

fish(v.) : 釣魚, 捕魚

主語通常由名詞和代詞充當(dāng), 以及動詞+ing, 如eating,reading等等

for+時間……表示一段時間

for hours=for some hours

without(prep.)

介詞后面一定要加賓語, 介詞后面的動詞一定要加 “-ing”

動詞+ing : 1.做主語; 2.做賓語

anything用在否定句中

without作為狀語而出現(xiàn), 表示結(jié)果狀語

He went out without saying any words.

Without asking for money,the boy went to school.

without 后面的動作是主語來做的

(v.)worry sb. 作動詞一定要加人作賓語, 翻譯時從后往前翻

The house worried me. / My daughter worried me.

(adj.)be worried about 主語為賓語而感到擔(dān)心

I was never worried about this. = This does not worry me.

instead of 后面的詞一定是沒有做的, 可以放在主句后面

without強調(diào)沒有做某件事, instead of強調(diào)這件事沒做成而做成了另外一件事

instead of:我原準備做……但是后來做了……

I went to school instead of staying at home.我沒呆在家里而是去上學(xué)了

I bought books instead of buying dresses.

less+原形 : A is less ... than B (譯為不如) more beautiful / less beautiful

spend+時間+在某地 : 在某地度過……時間

after(conj.)+從句, 從句主語必須是主句的主語才能換成下面一種形式

after(prep.)+名詞/動詞的ing形式

After I go to school,I learned a lot of knowledge. (用一般式表示一個事實, 不用 “went to” )

After going to school,I learned a lot of knowledge.

With an empty bag 注意連讀

with: 帶著(狀語)

without; 沒帶 I always go home without angthing. 什么都沒帶回家

give up doing sth : 放棄做某事/stop doing

give up smoking.

be interested in 主語對什么感興趣

在船上　in a boat

not at all在否定句中起強調(diào)作用

【Key structures】　關(guān)鍵句型

細讀下面的例句, 特別注意用斜體印出的以-ing結(jié)尾的詞.

a 動名詞作主語

Eating is always a pleasure. 吃總是一件愉快的事情.

Watching television is my favourite pastime. 看電視是我最喜愛的業(yè)馀愛好.

Reading in bed is something I always enjoy. 我總喜歡躺在床上看書

b 動名詞作賓語

I am very keen on cycling. 我非常喜歡騎自行車.

She is afraid of staying in that house alone. 她害怕單獨住在那間屋子里.

He is capable of doing anything. 他能勝任任何事情.

c Note how these sentences have been joined.

注意在以下例句中如何用動名詞將兩個短句連到一起.

He sat there. He did not say anything. 他坐在那兒, 他什么話也不說.

He sat there without saying anything. 他默默無語地坐在那里.

He turned off the radio. He left the room. 他關(guān)掉了收音機, 他離開了房間.

Before leaving the room, he turned off the radio. 離開房間之前, 他關(guān)掉了收音機.

He looked at this watch. He hurried to the station. 他看了一下手表. 他匆忙趕到火車站.

After looking at his watch, he hurried to the station. 他看了一下手表之后, 就匆忙趕往火車站.

Or: After having looked at his watch, he hurried to the station.

I must apologize. I interrupted you. 我得表示道歉. 我打斷了你的說話(工作).

I must apologize for interrupting you. 由于打斷了你的說話(工作), 我得表示道歉.

Or: I must apologize for having interrupted you.

I must apologize. I did not let you know earlier. 我得表示道歉. 我沒有早一點讓你知道.

I must apologize for not letting you know earlier. 由于沒有早點讓你知道, 我得表示道歉.

Or: I must apologize for not having let you know earlier.

He congratulated me. I won the competition. 他向我道賀. 我贏得了這次比賽.

He congratulated me on winning the competition. 在我贏得這次比賽之際, 他向我祝賀.

Or: He congratulated me on having won the competition.

動詞+ing(非謂語動詞)可以做主語和賓語

b. be keen on,be fond of,be interested in,enjoy+動詞ing : 喜歡做某事

be afraid of

be up to ,be capable of (capable adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以...的)

without, instead of

c. I apologize. 我道歉 (apologize vi.道歉, 辯白)

apologize for (not) doing sth. 為什么事情而道歉

thank you for listening/attending

for interrupting you 只強調(diào)這件事 (doing)

for having interrupted you 強調(diào)這個動作先做了, 強調(diào)時間 (having done)

以上兩者為時間概念不同

not doing 沒做某事

congratulate sb. on doing sth. (congratulate vt.祝賀, 慶賀, 恭喜)

Exercises C(用括號中的詞來連接下列句子, 如需要可對原句進行必要的改動)

1.He went out of the restaurant. (without) He did not pay the bill.

1.without

without prep.+ doing

He went out of the restaurant without paying the bill.

2.She bought a pair of boots. (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes.

2.instead of

She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.

=She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes.

3.She was afraid. (of) She did not spend the night alone.

3.of

She was afraid of spending the night alone.

4.(After) She heard the news. She fainted.

4.after

after+從句; after prep.+doing

After hearing the news,she fainted. (faint n.昏暈, 昏倒 adj.虛落地, 衰弱的, 軟弱的, 無力的, 微弱的, 暗淡的, 模糊的 vi.昏暈, 昏倒, 變得微弱, 變得沒氣力)

5.Think carefully. (before) Answer my question.

5.before

Think carefully before answering my question.

在回答我的問題之前, 請仔細考慮.

6.(On) I saw the plane coming towards me. I dashed for cover

6.on

as soon as : 一... 就... : as soon as I entered...

the moment +從句 : the moment I had entered

以上兩個主語不一定是同一個人

on (prep.)+doing 兩個動作必須是同一個人(即主句主語)

On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.(沖進掩護體 [???] n.少量(攙加物), 沖撞, 破折號, 銳氣, 精力, 干勁 vi.猛擲, 沖撞 vt.潑濺, 使猛撞, 攙和, 使破滅, 使沮喪, 匆忙完成)

【Special Difficulties】 難點

細讀以下例句 :

a Interested and Interesting. Excited and Exciting.

Fishing is not interesting. I am not really interested in fishing. (11. 7-8)

釣魚沒意思. 我對釣魚并不真正感興趣.

The match was very exciting. The crowd got very excited. 比賽非常激動人心. 觀眾非常激動.

b It's and Its. It's a waste of time. (11. 6-7)

It's (= it is) cold today. It's raining too. 今天天氣冷. 而且正在下雨.

The cat drank its milk. 貓喝了它的牛奶.

This engine has lost its power. 這臺發(fā)動機已失去了動力.

c Realize and Understand. They don't realize ... (1. 7)

I realized he was mad. 我意識到他瘋了.

He didn't realize that he had made a mistake. 他沒有意識到他犯了一個錯誤.

I don't understand English. 我不懂英語.

Exercises(選擇正確的詞填空)

1.I (realized) (understood) he was not telling me the truth.

I realized...意識到

2.This poem is difficult. (It's) (Its) impossible for you to (understand) (realize) (its) (it's) meaning.

...It's impossible...to understand its meaning / for sb 邏輯主語

its形容詞性物主代詞 poem n.詩, 象詩一樣, 美麗的東西

it's = it is; it作形式主語

3.There was some (excited) (exciting) news on the radio.

3....exciting news...

excited 　感動的

exciting　令人激動的

on the radio 在廣播上

Eg. : I got news on the radio/on TV/on the telephone/on the line(在線).

4.He is not an (interesting) (interested) person.

....an interesting person

interested 感興趣的

interesting 有趣的

5.He is an explorer. He leads an (excited) (exciting) life.

...an exciting life explorer n.探險家, 探測者, 探測器

lead a life 過著...日子

lead a happy life

Eg.; He leads a poor life.

excited 感到激動的

exciting 令人激動的

如果 -ed,-ing 做形容詞即作定語時, 和被修飾詞有關(guān), 如題中, 令人激動的生活而非生活感到激動

6.I am not (interesting) (interested) in other people's affairs.

....not interested in ... affairs.

interested　感興趣的

interesting 有趣的

be interested in 對……感興趣

【Multiple choice questions】多項選擇題

2 The writer enjoys ______ .

a.catching fish b.fishing c.doing nothing d.swimming in the river

2. ...enjoys...C

catching fish 抓魚

fishing　釣魚

doing nothing　什么都不做

swimming in the river　在河里游泳

enjoying doing sth / enjoy + n.

I enjoy books.

I enjoy reading books.

6 His bag is empty. He has ______ .

a.a empty bag b.an empty bag c.empty bag d.one empty bag

6. ...He has...B

an empty bag

one empty bag

an　指一個, 強調(diào)名詞

one　一個, 強調(diào) one,強調(diào)數(shù)量

I have a garden.

I have one garden.

強調(diào)empty bag

I sent a letter.

I wrote one word.

7 I am only interested in doing nothing. That's ______ I'm interested in.

a.only b.the one c.all d.the only

7. ...That's...C

(that's/the) only 一般加名詞

that+從句, 從句往往以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)

that's why

that's when

that's all 那就是一切 (That’s all said.)

That's all(I heard).

That's all I can remember.

the one 指東西, 不指事情

11 He always goes ______ with an empty bag.

a.to home b.to house c.to the house d.home

11. ...D

go home 習(xí)慣用法, 最佳答案

go to the house　語法正確

沒有規(guī)則與語法相提并論時, 語法為大.

當(dāng)語法與習(xí)慣用法相提并論時, 習(xí)慣用法為大.

Where are you going?(更習(xí)慣這么說)

Where are you going to?