英漢翻譯的原理與實踐unit15

Unit 15

I、課外練習參考譯文：

器官移植醫(yī)生身手不凡。他們從一人體內取出器官移植到另一人體內，讓幸運的器官接受者延長壽命改善生活?？上У氖?，每年還有成千上萬的人卻沒有那么幸運，他們等不及找到合適的器官就死去了。器官移植的最大制約是，每延長一個人的生命一定要有另一個人的死亡，而且這個人必須年青健康其器官具有移植價值。這樣的器官供體很少，而等待移植的人數(shù)卻很多，而且越來越多。

解除這種制約是每個器官移植醫(yī)生的希望。迄今為止，制作人造器官的種種努力結果不盡人意，因為天地間萬物很難仿造。于是，人們又對設法利用動物器官產生了興趣。

印度的醫(yī)生剛宣布一條消息，他們把豬的心臟移植于人體已經取得成功?？磥砣藗冊絹碓狡惹幸笤黾舆@種異體器官的移植。歐洲和美國正在專門培育大批的豬經遺傳工程處理后用于提供器官。1996年這一課題至少發(fā)表了兩篇重要報告，一篇在歐洲，一篇在美國。兩篇報告一致認為異種器官移植在倫理上是可行的，并審慎地建議應準予施行。美國的食品和藥物管理局已經公布了異種器官移植的管理原則草案。

異種器官移植的倫理問題相對來說不用操心。人們?yōu)榱耸秤煤蛫蕵芬呀浽跉⒇i了，看來殺諸為了救人一命怎么說也更容易證明是合情合理的。然而，異種器官移植科學遠非如此簡單。

II、英漢翻譯基本原理第五講：有哪些常用的翻譯技巧?(續(xù))

(二)長句翻譯的操作方法：

1、理順原句內部關系，理出句中包含的各語義點

【例157】 The fact that the average Englishman's home has become his workshop is partly because he is keen on working with his hands and partly because he feels, for one reason or another that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help.

【譯文】 普通英國人的家已經成了自家的工場，一方面是因為他熱衷于自己動手干，另一方面是因為出于某種原因，他覺得許多家務活必須自己干，而這些活在幾年前他會雇專人來干的。

【例158】 I wondered (1)how she would feel(2)if she learned that the Negro(3)before whom she had behaved in such an unladylike manner(4)was habitually a white man(3).

【譯文】 我心中思襯(1)，在一個黑人面前表現(xiàn)得如此有失女士風度(4)，倘若得知這個黑人其實是白人時(3)，不知她作何感想(2)。

2、將整理出的各語義點按漢語表達習慣重新排列。

【例159】 American schools, both public and private, consist of 12 years of grades(1)-- basically 8 years of elementary school and 4 years of secondary or high school(2), although grades 7 and 8, or 7, 8 and 9 may be housed together in a middle school or junior high school(3).

【譯文】 美國的公立學校和私立學校都是由12個年級組成的(1)，基本上是8年小學加4年中學(2)，雖然7、8兩個年級或7、8、9三個年級有可能都在初級中學里就讀(3)。

【例160】 It would take me an entire book to list(1)all of the people I have known in my life who spent the majority of their lives as single people(2), but who were the undisputed focus of a large group of friends(3)-- usually serving as problem-solvers, and widely respected and loved(4).

【譯文】 我畢生認識了許多人，他們一生中大部分時間都是單身(2)，但在朋友群中卻無可非議地是個核心人物(3)。他們經常幫人解決問題，廣受尊敬，廣受愛戴(4)。要把這些人的姓名一一列出的話，恐怕要寫一本書(1)。

【例161】 Its beginning obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slowdown(1), the new technological unemployment(2)may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 20th century(3).

【譯文】 新技術出現(xiàn)帶來的失業(yè)問題(2)，盡管起初被全球性經濟衰退所引起的失業(yè)現(xiàn)象所掩蓋(1)，但有可能成為20世紀末社會經濟的重大難題(3)。

【例162】 He had flown in just the day before from Georgia,(1)where he had spent his vacation(2)basking in the sun(3)after the completion of the construction job(4)he had been engaged in in the South(5).

【譯文】 他本來在南方從事一項建筑工程(5)，任務完成之后(4)，他就上佐治亞去度假(2)，享受著陽光(3)，前天才坐飛機回來(1)。

【例163】 When the "energy crisis" first came in 1973 - 1974(1), I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area(2)where deer spend the winter(3) in northern Minnesota(2), observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed(4), followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted(5).

【譯文】 1973-1974年間第一次出現(xiàn)“能源危機”的時候(1)，我正和家人住在明尼蘇達北部一處鹿群過冬的邊緣地帶。我們住在一個小屋里(2)(3)，觀察鹿的生活習性，觀察它們如何隨著冬季來臨從夏秋的活動頻繁變得少動的(4)，而到春暖雪融時，它們的活動又是如何增加起來的(5)。

3、依照重新排列的語義點順序用漢語逐點表達

【例164】 Now there is in America a curious combination(1)of pride in having risen to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend on manual labor for a living(2)and genuine delight in what one is able to accomplish with one's own hands(3).

【譯文】 現(xiàn)在美國有一個奇怪的現(xiàn)象：人們一方面為地位上升不再需要靠體力勞動謀生而感到自豪，另一方面又對能夠親自動手做事而由衷地感到高興。

【例165】 One of the most heartwarming aspects(1)of people who are born with a facial disfigurement(2), whether minor or major(3), is the number of them(1) who do not allow it to upset their lives(4), even reaching out to help others with the same problem(5).

【譯文】 有些人生來面部就有殘缺(2)，殘缺有大有小(3)，但令人欣慰的是這些人中很多人(1)并沒有因此而生活得不愉快(4)，相反，他們倒去主動幫助其他有同樣問題的人(5)。

【例166】 Students in these state schools, however, as well as those in private colleges, must pay tuition(1), but the state schools are much less expensive than private ones(2), particularly for students who are residents of the state(3).

【譯文】 但是，這些州立學校的學生以及私立學院的學生都須繳納學費(1)，不過州立學校的學費比私立學校的學費便宜得多(2)，對常住本州的學生來說尤為便宜(3)。

【例167】 From the corner of my eye, I saw Phil, pale, slack-jawed, eyes wide with amazement and adoration combined. We listened to Jenny finish the sonnet, which was in its way a kind of prayer.

【譯文】 我從眼角里瞅見菲爾，他臉色蒼白，半張著嘴，眼睛瞪得大大的，又是驚訝又是崇敬。我們聽著詹尼念完詩，那簡直就是一篇極有特色的祈禱詞。

【例168】 They went in to dinner. It was excellent, and the wine was good. Its influence presently had its effect on them. They talked not only without acrimony, but even with friendliness.

【譯文】 他們走進餐廳去吃飯。美酒加佳肴。喝著酒，吃著菜，氣氛頓時起了變化。不僅沒有惡言相向，言語間還十分投機。

III、課堂練習(運用各種翻譯技巧，將下列句子譯成流暢通順的漢語)：

1.I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.

2.In a nation too young to have mythic heroes, men and women must substitute.

3.If you are retired, if you are a housewife, if you have what others might consider a humble job -- whatever it is that you do most of the day -- be proud of it.

4.Rushing throngs, blinded by the darkness and the smoke, rushed up on a street and down the next, trampling the fallen in a crazy fruitless dash toward safely.

5.In order to retain Chinese managers, joint ventures also must devise human resource policies that are sensitive to the ways in which Chinese employees differ from those in the West.

6.Engels spoke with the authority and confidence, born of forty years' closest friendship and intellectual intimacy, during which he had grasped, as no other man had, the full significance of Marx's teachings.

7.I take heart from the fact that, the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.

8.If you're stuck with someone and feeling tongue-tied, console yourself by remembering that the other person may be feeling as agonized as you. Summon up a burst of energy, and find something on which to compliment him or her.

IV、課堂練習參考譯文：

1.我希望這次會議不要開得太久，那樣會浪費時間。

2.這樣一個年青的民族不可能有神話中的英雄，于是必然有真實的男女人物來取而代之。

3.你已經退休也好，你是家庭婦女也好，或者你干的工作別人瞧不起也好 - 不管你整天在干什么，都要因此而自豪。

4.人群在黑暗和濃煙中盲目狂奔，穿街過巷，踩著倒在地上的身軀，驚惶失措地往安全的地方沖去，結果卻是徒勞。

5.為了留住中國本地管理人員，合資企業(yè)還必須制定適應中國雇員與西方雇員之間種種差異的人力資源政策。

6.四十年最親密的友誼和思想契合賦予了恩格斯說這番話的資格和信心。經過這四十年，他對馬克思學說意義的了解比任何人都徹底。

8.敵人吹噓能在幾小時內占領戰(zhàn)略要地，由于遭到了頑強的抵抗，甚至連外圍地帶也沒有占領，這讓我增強了信心。

9.倘若和別人無言以對面面相覷時，無須煩惱，切記對方或許跟你一樣心里感到不好受。你要打起精神來，找些好聽的話向對方說說。

V、課外練習(將以下短文譯成漢語，注意運用各種翻譯技巧時譯文流暢通順)：

Watching them hop on the presidential merry-go-round again makes you wonder what makes them run. After all, they didn't have a very merry ride the last time -- but the older they get, the harder they try.

One explanation is that presidential ambition is an addiction as powerful as sex or booze. Once they have gone through all those howling halls, with their banners and adoring supporters -- their pictures on the front page and on the evening TV news -- they dream about it in the night.

Memory, as time goes on, is a selective thing. Somehow they forget all the agony -- the demeaning scramble for money, the vicious charges of their opponents, the unfeeling and often frivolous criticism of the press, and the endless plane and bus rides, the stumbling into bed and wondering how they can get through it all again next day.

What they remember is not the final thump of defeat, but the might-have-beens, the fleeting glory and the accidents of politics.

Many run for the presidency who shouldn't, and many others don't run who should. What they do or don't do usually depends on events beyond their control. But there are probably other reasons why they run or don't run, one of which is that sometimes they listen to their wives. Even in these days, when divorce is so easy and family ties are supposed to be weak, it would probably be a mistake to underestimate the influence of families on presidential politics. Many qualified and attractive candidates don't come forward simply because they put their private lives ahead of their ambitions, and don't want to put themselves and their families through the savage political process. (285 words)

V、課外練習參考譯文：

看著那些人跳上了總統(tǒng)競選的歡樂轉木馬，人們不禁又要問：究竟是什么原因促使他們前來競選的。畢竟前一次騎歡樂轉木馬騎得并不怎么歡樂--可是他們偏偏年齡越大，想試的勁頭也越大。

一種解釋是覬覦總統(tǒng)寶座會讓人上癮，且癮頭之大不亞于酒色。那彩旗繽紛、眾人追隨、呼聲雷動的大廳，那報紙頭版、晚間電視新聞上的相片--他們一旦領略了這一切，就會夜里夢寐以求。

記憶是有選擇的。隨著時光流逝，他們的一切苦惱總會忘卻--為籌集資金不顧廉恥的你爭我奪、競選對手的惡言相向，報紙上吹毛求疵的無情批評、還有無休無止的飛機汽車來回奔波，到了晚上跌跌撞撞地一頭倒在床上，還要擔心第二天如何應付所有這一切的重演。

他們記得的不是最后失敗的沉重打擊，而是那想入非非的憧憬，那瞬間即逝的榮耀，那難以逆料的政治機遇。 許多本來不該前來競選總統(tǒng)的人偏偏來了，而其他許多本來應該前來的卻偏偏沒來。他們的為與不為通常取決于他們無法控制的事態(tài)。但是，他們參與競選與否可能還有別的原因，其中一條就是他們有時還得對夫人言聽計從。即使在今天，家庭關系通常十分脆弱，離婚已成家常便飯，如果低估家庭在總統(tǒng)政治中的影響也許還是一種錯誤。許多具有充分資格和魅力的人不來參加競選，其原因就是他們把個人生活看得重于事業(yè)的追求，不愿意讓自己和家人卷入狂暴的政治風浪.